Speaker 1: Welcome to Stuff You Missed in History Class from stuff
Speaker 1: works dot com. Hello, and welcome to the podcast. And
Speaker 1: I'm Tracy V. Wilson, and today we're talking about a
Speaker 1: famous jim that I'm shocked has never been covered on
Speaker 1: the podcast before. And it's one of those things that, honestly,
Speaker 1: we could probably get seven different episodes out of if
Speaker 1: we really wanted to pursue some of these trails, but
Speaker 1: we're going for two. So, uh, we're talking about the
Speaker 1: Hope Diamond, and this will be the first of two
Speaker 1: parts on the Hope diamonds. Uh. Just about everybody has
Speaker 1: heard of the Hope diamond, but often once you start
Speaker 1: talking to them, you realize that it's long and storied
Speaker 1: history kind of getting gets mixed up in people's heads
Speaker 1: with other famous jewels, and sometimes people think it's the
Speaker 1: largest diamond in the world, which it is not. I
Speaker 1: believe that honor goes to the colon and diamond. Uh,
Speaker 1: but what it is that is extremely rare because if
Speaker 1: it's distinctive blue color, and it's fabled because it has
Speaker 1: a very long and twisting history, Uh, it may or
Speaker 1: may not have a curse on it. If you believe
Speaker 1: in such things, and it's kind of just become a
Speaker 1: rock star amongst jewels, and everyone knows about it, but
Speaker 1: not always all the details and kind of what the
Speaker 1: real scoop is. Have you seen it before? I have not,
Speaker 1: I have, I have not. So here's the thing. If
Speaker 1: you take a small child to the Smithsonian and tell
Speaker 1: them they are going to see a huge diamond, they
Speaker 1: will be disappointed. Yes, they will expect a diamond as
Speaker 1: big as their head, and the hope diamond is a
Speaker 1: diamond as big as a walnut. Yes. I have actually
Speaker 1: seen videos from some of the curators, particularly Jeffrey Post,
Speaker 1: who will quote a couple of times in this where
Speaker 1: he says that adults have that same reaction to you,
Speaker 1: like they come in expecting it to be this big
Speaker 1: mammoth thing and then they're kind of like, oh, it's
Speaker 1: I mean, it's big, but it's it's it's big, but
Speaker 1: it's so small. Yeah, And I missed it because whenever
Speaker 1: I'm at the Smithsonian, there's always some other exhibit that
Speaker 1: is there that gets all of my attention, and I
Speaker 1: end up going it's closing time and I end up
Speaker 1: having to run out the door. It's okay, but it's
Speaker 1: on my list. I gotta see it. So the Hope
Speaker 1: diamond is twenty five point six millimeters long, twenty one
Speaker 1: point seven eight millimeters wide, and twelve millimeters deep, so
Speaker 1: about a walnut. It is not large, uh, compared to
Speaker 1: things in the world that are large. It is quite
Speaker 1: large compared to other blue diamonds. It is forty five
Speaker 1: point five to carrots. Yeah, and that's actually a revised number.
Speaker 1: It had been believed to be forty four carrots for
Speaker 1: a while and then when they took it out of
Speaker 1: its setting at one point they realize like, oh, it's
Speaker 1: actually a little bigger than we thought initially. That's clarity
Speaker 1: grade is VS. One. So, according to the Gemal Logical
Speaker 1: Institute of America's Clarity Scale, there are six categories of clarity,
Speaker 1: and then some of them are subdivided, so that gets
Speaker 1: a total of eleven different grades. VS. One is the
Speaker 1: fifth of these grades. It's the first level of what's
Speaker 1: called very slightly included, which means that crystal can be
Speaker 1: seen in the flat facets of the gym. So the
Speaker 1: Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History says that this rating
Speaker 1: has been given because there's some whitish graining that's present
Speaker 1: inside the Hope Diamond, which itself is a very fancy
Speaker 1: dark grayish blue. Yeah, that's actually it's a it's catalog
Speaker 1: color is fancy, dark grayish blue. I want to call
Speaker 1: it very fancy because it's a big Hawkin diamond. It is. UH.
Speaker 1: And there are many theories about UM its actual age
Speaker 1: and where it originated, but where it kind of um
Speaker 1: gets put on the map is in the sixteen hundreds,
Speaker 1: and the first European that we know of to touch
Speaker 1: it was a man named Jean Baptiste Tavernier, and he
Speaker 1: was born in Paris in sixteen o five to a
Speaker 1: map and chartmaker. UH. And he would become a world
Speaker 1: traveler and an extremely successful gem merchant. And it's like
Speaker 1: just fifteen years old, Tavernier had been traveling throughout Europe
Speaker 1: and had traveled as far as Persia by the time
Speaker 1: he was twenty eight, which was really quite something at
Speaker 1: that time. In sixteen thirty one, Tavernier made his first
Speaker 1: trip to Asia. He would eventually make six trips total
Speaker 1: throughout Asa, the next four being in sixteen thirty eight,
Speaker 1: sixteen forty, sixteen forty three. This one involved a controversy
Speaker 1: with the Dutch authorities over some pay bills. He was
Speaker 1: forced to surrender and transit and sixteen fifty seven. And
Speaker 1: then in sixteen sixty two Tavernier got married. He married
Speaker 1: a jeweler's daughter. But his newlywed statis did not keep
Speaker 1: him home very long because he left for his sixth
Speaker 1: Asian excursion in sixteen sixty UH. And on that one
Speaker 1: he was headed to India, and he made a stop
Speaker 1: in Persia. And by this point he knew a lot
Speaker 1: of the you know, high up government officials in all
Speaker 1: of these places he visited because he was a gem
Speaker 1: merchant and he had really cultivated some uh relationships with
Speaker 1: all of these people. Mining of diamonds in India goes
Speaker 1: back to at least eight hundred BC, and by the
Speaker 1: sixteen hundreds, India was recognized as a major diamond center.
Speaker 1: So it's no surprise that Tavernier would travel there in
Speaker 1: search of gems. And while he was on this particular trip,
Speaker 1: Tavernier came into possession of a diamond he described as
Speaker 1: being a beautiful violet color, a hundred and twelve and
Speaker 1: three sixteen carrots, vaguely triangular in shape and rather crudely cut.
Speaker 1: It's believed that the diamond came from the Colure mine
Speaker 1: in Galconda, India, but the gem merchant never specifically said
Speaker 1: exactly how and where he got the gym, and in fact,
Speaker 1: many famous diamonds in history have come from the Colure mine,
Speaker 1: including the co Anure and the Great Mogul Diamond. We
Speaker 1: actually have an episode on the Konure that Katie and
Speaker 1: Sarah did like two years ago. So if people want
Speaker 1: to read about another listen to another famous diamond story
Speaker 1: with a curse. They all have curses. Uh. That's another
Speaker 1: good one. But this particular diamond came to be known
Speaker 1: as the Tavernay Blue and when Taverney returned to Europe
Speaker 1: in sixteen sixty eight, he sold it to King Louis
Speaker 1: the fourteenth of France. So the son king could not
Speaker 1: resist its dazzling lure uh, and he sold it in
Speaker 1: a lot to him with more than a dozen other diamonds.
Speaker 1: This re cut reduced the gym to sixty seven carrots,
Speaker 1: and the diamond was placed in a gold setting for
Speaker 1: the king to wear on special occasions. At this point,
Speaker 1: the diamond came to be known as the Blue Diamond
Speaker 1: of the Crown, or more casually as the French Blue
Speaker 1: and the Diamond remained part of the French Royal Jewels
Speaker 1: uh and in seventeen forty nine, King Louis the fifteenth
Speaker 1: had it set yet again, this time into a ceremonial
Speaker 1: setting for the Order of the Golden Fleece, and at
Speaker 1: that time court jeweler Andre Jacquesman did the honors. The
Speaker 1: French Revolution is the next big event in the history
Speaker 1: of the diamond. The jewels from the French royal treasury,
Speaker 1: including the French Blue, were handed off to the revolutionary
Speaker 1: regime in seventeen nine after Louis the sixteenth and his
Speaker 1: Queen Marie Antoinette tried to flee the country. In September
Speaker 1: seventeen two, while the royal family was imprisoned, the crown
Speaker 1: jewels were looted from their holding place at the Place
Speaker 1: de lacrim Cord over the course of several days. During
Speaker 1: that time, the French Blue vanished, and there are lots
Speaker 1: of theories on what happened to it and how it
Speaker 1: may have been fenced and made its way elsewhere. But
Speaker 1: like I said, we could have gotten seven episodes out
Speaker 1: of this. We could have done an episode just on
Speaker 1: Taverny because he's very fascinating. But so the blue kind
Speaker 1: of vanishes literally from the record for a while, and
Speaker 1: it's not until two decades later that it comes up
Speaker 1: again in In eighteen twelve, twenty years after it was
Speaker 1: stolen from France, after the French Blue was stolen from
Speaker 1: France anyway, a dark blue diamond surfaced in London, and
Speaker 1: this diamond was in the possession of a merchant named
Speaker 1: Daniel Eliason, and it was documented by a jeweler by
Speaker 1: the name of John Francileon. Francileon described the jam as
Speaker 1: weighing a hundred and seventy seven grains, as one carrot
Speaker 1: is the equivalent of four grains. This puts the weight
Speaker 1: of Aliason's gym at roughly forty five carrots, smaller than
Speaker 1: the French Blue, but still an unusual deep blue color.
Speaker 1: Although there wasn't solid evidence of the fact, and more
Speaker 1: on this will come later, many historians long believed that
Speaker 1: this was, in fact the stolen French gym, conveniently resurfacing
Speaker 1: just after the Statute of Limitations on the theft would
Speaker 1: have Now. Yeah, and I also want to point out
Speaker 1: when we say it's roughly forty five carts. Going back
Speaker 1: to that change in its weight that I mentioned before,
Speaker 1: it actually works out to like forty four point to
Speaker 1: five or something, I think if you do the math um.
Speaker 1: And while there's no paper trail of the purchase or
Speaker 1: of any purchase from Alliasin, it's believed that King George
Speaker 1: the Fourth of England actually acquired the stone, and there's
Speaker 1: a portrait of the King painted in eighteen twenty two
Speaker 1: by Sir Thomas Lawrence that shows George wearing, among other accessories,
Speaker 1: a Royal Order of the Golden Fleece, so another similar
Speaker 1: to the ceremonial French setting, also set with a large
Speaker 1: blue gym. When King George died in eighteen thirty he
Speaker 1: left behind considerable debt, and it's believed that the diamond
Speaker 1: was liquidated through private channels to settle part of the
Speaker 1: money that was owed. But at this point it's still
Speaker 1: not called the Hope Diamond, but we're getting there. So
Speaker 1: almost a decade after King to the Fourth death in
Speaker 1: eighteen thirty nine, there is mentioned once again of a
Speaker 1: large blue diamond in the records of a banker, uh
Speaker 1: this time a man named Henry Philip Hope, and it
Speaker 1: is for him that the diamond is named. While the
Speaker 1: diamond is listed in Hope's catalog, its acquisition and origin
Speaker 1: are not included in the notation, so there's a lot
Speaker 1: of hazy changing hands that goes on. Henry Philip Hope
Speaker 1: died the same year his Catalog of Gems published eighteen
Speaker 1: thirty nine, and a lengthy litigation battle was fought among
Speaker 1: his three nephews over his estate. Eventually, his nephew, Henry
Speaker 1: Thomas Hope, finally took possession of the Hope Diamond as
Speaker 1: part of a split up of his assets. The gem
Speaker 1: stayed in the family, eventually passing to Henry Thomas Hope's grandson,
Speaker 1: Lord Francis Hope, the eighth Duke of Newcastle, and as
Speaker 1: a provision of this inheritance, Lord Francis Hope was not
Speaker 1: allowed to liquidate any of the family estate without court permission.
Speaker 1: In but he had married a songstress wife who he
Speaker 1: wanted to keep in the style to which she had
Speaker 1: been accustomed, and he consequently unfortunately lived his life far
Speaker 1: beyond his means, and in nineteen and one he was
Speaker 1: able to attain permission from his sisters in the court
Speaker 1: to sell the Hope diamond in an effort to mitigate
Speaker 1: this mountain of debt that he had accrued. Uh And
Speaker 1: unfortunately he divorced several months after that, so it would
Speaker 1: seem that once things got really tough, the marriage kind
Speaker 1: of soured. A London dealer was quick to purchase the
Speaker 1: diamond from Lord Francis Hope, and was just as quick
Speaker 1: to then sell it to a New York jeweler, Simon Frankel,
Speaker 1: of the firm Joseph Franklin Sons for a hundred and
Speaker 1: forty eight thousand dollars. The diamonds sat quietly under lock
Speaker 1: and key with the Frankels until they sold it to
Speaker 1: Selim Habib after the depression that followed the financial panic
Speaker 1: of nineteen o seven, and after this Thing's moved very
Speaker 1: quickly for the diamond. So Salim have put the gem
Speaker 1: up for auction in nineteen o nine, although it apparently
Speaker 1: did not sell then, And after that auction it was
Speaker 1: purchased by A. C. H. Rosenow, who in turn sold
Speaker 1: it to Pierre Cartier. And there is also in this
Speaker 1: stretch of the diamond changing hands so quickly a little
Speaker 1: bit of a debate about whether Sultan Abdullahamide owned the
Speaker 1: stone briefly. Uh So, it seems for a few years
Speaker 1: in the early nineteen hundreds, the Hope Diamond was really
Speaker 1: something of a hot potato. It just kept changing hands
Speaker 1: very very quickly. Cardier had a business relationship with American
Speaker 1: heiress Evelyn Walsh McLean. He had sold her a ninety
Speaker 1: four point eight carrot white diamond called the Star of
Speaker 1: the East when she was on her honeymoon in nine nine,
Speaker 1: and Cardier showed the Hope Diamond to McLean while she
Speaker 1: was in Paris on another trip in But the society
Speaker 1: heiress was apparently not impressed with the stone setting, and
Speaker 1: there are also accounts that she was a little unsettled
Speaker 1: by rumors about the Hope Diamond being cursed. Uh And
Speaker 1: we'll talk about those more later as well. But Cardier
Speaker 1: was really quite intent on selling this gem to McLean.
Speaker 1: He felt like she was the buyer for it. The
Speaker 1: story goes that Cardier had the stone reset and then
Speaker 1: brought it to the US to loan to Mrs McLean
Speaker 1: for a weekend. It was quite a sales pitch. I
Speaker 1: feel like I've seen this happen on sitcoms when I
Speaker 1: was thinking about it. It also made me think of
Speaker 1: when you do petted options. So yeah, take the kitten
Speaker 1: home for the weekend to see how it goes. Yeah. Yeah,
Speaker 1: I feel like I've seen an I Love Lucy episode
Speaker 1: or something where she she gets a fancy diamond necklace
Speaker 1: that's to be borrowed and she doesn't want to give
Speaker 1: it back anyway. And Evelyn's autobiography, she wrote about that
Speaker 1: loaner weekend. For hours, that jewel stared at me, and
Speaker 1: sometime during the night I began to really want the thing.
Speaker 1: Then I put the chain around my neck and hooked
Speaker 1: my life to a destiny, were good or evil? And
Speaker 1: McLean's purchase of the Hope diamond caused a sensation. It
Speaker 1: was written up in newspapers and they even described the
Speaker 1: manner in which it would be set and worn. And
Speaker 1: there's uh an article in the New York Times from
Speaker 1: January nineteen eleven reporting the sale and also saying the
Speaker 1: diamond will now be worn by Mrs McLean as a
Speaker 1: head ornament, arranged in a band do the large stone
Speaker 1: being placed immediately in front, and with other diamonds of
Speaker 1: lesser size studying the setting bands. So it really was
Speaker 1: a big deal. People knew about this diamond already because
Speaker 1: it was so sizeable and kind of famous and already
Speaker 1: had these curse stories around it, so it was newsmaking
Speaker 1: that similar to how if someone you know spent three
Speaker 1: million dollars on a famous piece of jewelry, now it
Speaker 1: would hit the news like just the Royal baby's swaddling
Speaker 1: made the news. Evelyn wore the Hope diamond frequently. It
Speaker 1: became her signature piece, and although she loved it, she
Speaker 1: was constantly getting warnings from both friends and strangers that
Speaker 1: her beloved accessory was really bad luck. This curse rumor
Speaker 1: had been around for a while, but it seems like
Speaker 1: it really picked up steam around the same time that
Speaker 1: it was changing hands in nineteen o nine. UH and
Speaker 1: Evelyn did experience some various tragic events in her life. UH.
Speaker 1: In nineteen nineteen, her son Vincent, who was quite young
Speaker 1: at the time, died shortly after being struck by a
Speaker 1: car outside the family home. UH. In nineteen twenty nine,
Speaker 1: she and her husband Ned McLean separated when he ran
Speaker 1: off with another woman, and Ned died UH some years
Speaker 1: later in a santatory in a sanatorium from issues associated
Speaker 1: with alcoholism and then uh, in nine six, Evelyn's daughter
Speaker 1: died of a drug overdose. So while she loved it, uh,
Speaker 1: there were lots she loved the diamond. There were lots
Speaker 1: of tragic things happening in her life, but she never
Speaker 1: blamed any of these tragic things on her beloved jewel.
Speaker 1: She said, quote, what tragedies have befallen me might have
Speaker 1: occurred had I never seen or touched the Hope Diamond.
Speaker 1: My observations have persuaded me that tragedies for anyone who
Speaker 1: lives are not escapable. I kind of love that she
Speaker 1: did that well, and I kind of she said, don't
Speaker 1: blame the diamonds well, and when you were talking about
Speaker 1: all these things that had happened to her, I kind
Speaker 1: of want to, like counter with all the terrible things
Speaker 1: that happened to my grandmother. And she was a very
Speaker 1: modest person who had no Hope diamond. Yeah. I mean,
Speaker 1: I think tragic things just happen to people. It's an
Speaker 1: unfortunate aspect of life. And it's easy to attribute those
Speaker 1: to the presence of a thing and focus that as
Speaker 1: you're the bad luck item that's causing them all. But um,
Speaker 1: sometimes bad things just happened. And she really seemed to
Speaker 1: love that jewel. I mean there are movies of her
Speaker 1: wearing it that she took of herself. There photog almost
Speaker 1: any photograph of her features it. Uh. And she actually
Speaker 1: died the year after her daughter in n she was sixty. Uh,
Speaker 1: and she had been wearing the Hope Diamond consistently for
Speaker 1: thirty six years, and it was as a part of
Speaker 1: her jewelry collection that it was set in the pendant form,
Speaker 1: surrounded by the smaller stones that it's recognized for today.
Speaker 1: So she stopped wearing it in the headpiece and began
Speaker 1: to wear it as a pendant. And Uh, at some point,
Speaker 1: I would actually love to do an entire episode on
Speaker 1: Evil and Walsh mcclaim because her life was mind boggling.
Speaker 1: I mean there's even an incident where she allegedly tried
Speaker 1: to hawk the Hope Diamond for ransom money to get
Speaker 1: the Lindbergh baby back. Uh. She just she had a
Speaker 1: wild ride. She threw amazing parties. She was very fascinating.
Speaker 1: So she's certainly episode worthy. But uh, for the moment,
Speaker 1: this is where we're gonna pause, and and this first
Speaker 1: part of the Hope diamond because next we'll get into
Speaker 1: how it kind of became part of the Smithsonian collection
Speaker 1: and the curse is allegedly on it, and some interesting
Speaker 1: scientific study that's been done on the diamond in more
Speaker 1: modern times. But that's it's sort of origin story. Uh.
Speaker 1: And we'll reference back to some of those because they
Speaker 1: come up in the curse discussion. Uh. So yeah, Part
Speaker 1: two of the Hope Diamond will be coming next. I
Speaker 1: believe you may have some listener mail. Well I do. Indeed,
Speaker 1: this actually uh was sent to us in a message
Speaker 1: on Facebook, and it is from our listener management, and
Speaker 1: he says, I was really excited to see the topic
Speaker 1: for the recent podcast on Pluto. I've always had a
Speaker 1: soft spot in my heart for the little guy. When
Speaker 1: I was ten years old, I made friends with an
Speaker 1: elderly man on a camping trip. While all the boring
Speaker 1: grown ups sat around talking about boring adult stuff. The
Speaker 1: elderly man told me stories about the stars and planets
Speaker 1: we could see that night, and then he told me
Speaker 1: a number of rather cheesy puns, mostly about crows. I
Speaker 1: found out on the ride home that he was actually
Speaker 1: famous astronomer named Clyde Tomba. Yes, that Clyde Tomba who
Speaker 1: to run for Stitt in case anyone listening doesn't recall,
Speaker 1: is the person who is credited with finding Pluto. We
Speaker 1: had a chance to hang out on a number of
Speaker 1: other camping trips, and I made sure my parents invited
Speaker 1: my new friend and his wife over for dinner as
Speaker 1: often as was possible. A few years later, Clyde shared
Speaker 1: the pictures of Voyager Twose Neptune fly by, explaining the
Speaker 1: science and new discoveries to many of us, blowing our minds.
Speaker 1: Then he told me a few more crow puns. He
Speaker 1: was an incredibly kind, intelligent man, believed in UFOs and
Speaker 1: love cheesy puns. I recently read that some of his
Speaker 1: ashes were included on board the New Horizons probe, so
Speaker 1: he'll actually get to visit his discovery in person. That's
Speaker 1: some pretty cool stuff. Uh. And then he includes some
Speaker 1: of the puns that Clyde told him. And all of
Speaker 1: this does um fall in line with things that I
Speaker 1: have read by Tomba's colleagues that he loved these cookie
Speaker 1: puns and it was just a very sweet and really
Speaker 1: sharing man like he loved to talk about his work.
Speaker 1: Can you tell us one of the Crow funds, because
Speaker 1: I'm going to have to get good with them otherwise
Speaker 1: they're funny. Are you ready? Yes? What is a row's
Speaker 1: favorite part of the sun the chromosphere? What is a
Speaker 1: crow's favorite metal chrome? And then what is the crow's
Speaker 1: favorite caveman chromagna word? Uh? So, which are so cute? Uh?
Speaker 1: And a lot of people have are several people have
Speaker 1: written us about the Plato episode and about our comment
Speaker 1: that it's the only planet to have been demoted, and
Speaker 1: they're like, no, no, no, there are others like series
Speaker 1: and they mentioned some others, and I want to do
Speaker 1: more research on it before we actually talk about that,
Speaker 1: because there is some um controversy, it seems, or just
Speaker 1: you know, debate. I don't know controversies the right word,
Speaker 1: even in the astronomy community about it, uh, including like
Speaker 1: I think and I'm just turning I's top of my head,
Speaker 1: so don't quote any of this as accurate. But I
Speaker 1: think even like the first time it was reported, the
Speaker 1: person that discovered it thought it was a planet, that
Speaker 1: reported it as a different heavenly body because he didn't
Speaker 1: know that it would meet any of those criteria yet.
Speaker 1: And so it's been a little bit confused even though
Speaker 1: it was taught as a planet at in some in
Speaker 1: the eighteen hundreds for a little while. So we've gotten
Speaker 1: we've gotten letters for doing more research, many many, many,
Speaker 1: many many letters. Got other possible devoted planets, many many letters. Yeah,
Speaker 1: so we're not ignoring this. We just wanna, you know,
Speaker 1: make sure we have low information before we start talking
Speaker 1: about it. So that's a scoop if you would like
Speaker 1: to write us. And I just love that people are
Speaker 1: excited about astronomy and astronomy history. It's very excited about
Speaker 1: our moded planet. Are things that super love. Uh, And
Speaker 1: if you want to write us, you can do so
Speaker 1: at History Podcast at Discovery dot com. You can also
Speaker 1: connect with us on Twitter at missed in History, at
Speaker 1: Facebook dot com, slash history class stuff, um tumbler at
Speaker 1: missed in History dot tumbler dot com, and on Pinterest.
Speaker 1: If you would like to learn a little bit more
Speaker 1: about what we've talked about today, you can go to
Speaker 1: our website. Search for the word diamonds and you'll get
Speaker 1: an article called how diamonds work, And it actually does
Speaker 1: include a section on famous diamonds that mentions the Hope diamond.
Speaker 1: Of course, because it is super famous, so if you
Speaker 1: would like to learn about that, or almost anything else
Speaker 1: you can think of, you should do that at our website,
Speaker 1: which is how stuff Works dot com. For more on
Speaker 1: this and thousands of other topics, is it how stuff
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