Speaker 1: Welcome to Stuff You Missed in History Class from how
Speaker 1: Stuff Works dot com. Hello and welcome to the podcast.
Speaker 1: I'm Sarah Dowdy and I'm delanea Chocolate boarding and to Blina.
Speaker 1: I don't know if you've heard of Felicity Austin. I
Speaker 1: heard this dispatch from her on the radio the other week.
Speaker 1: I haven't heard of her. She's a polar explorer, British
Speaker 1: woman who's trying to make a solo ski track across Antarctica,
Speaker 1: and of course, being a modern day lady, she's got
Speaker 1: high tech equipment. For instance, she can tweet. I checked
Speaker 1: out her Twitter feed this morning, in fact, and there
Speaker 1: was an update from just a couple hours before. But still,
Speaker 1: she's out there in Antarctica, all alone, with more than
Speaker 1: one thousand miles to ski, certainly of physically difficult and
Speaker 1: a mentally challenging thing to do. So it kind of
Speaker 1: got me thinking. We've talked a lot about polar explorers
Speaker 1: on the podcast. Keep really seem to love episodes about
Speaker 1: polar explorers and their exploits, but the stories are usually
Speaker 1: pretty grim, as you'd imagine, they're punctuated by this glory
Speaker 1: above all attitude that a lot of times gets the
Speaker 1: explorers or maybe even more often their crew, all of
Speaker 1: their men killed at the end. And that's maybe why
Speaker 1: when I suggested today's topic to you is something for
Speaker 1: us to do a podcast on um polar explorer for
Speaker 1: chi Off Nonsen, you were hoping maybe there'd be an exclamation,
Speaker 1: and it did seem kind of promising, And I see exclamation.
Speaker 1: I mean, I can't blame you for for thinking that.
Speaker 1: But the first thing that I think everybody needs to
Speaker 1: understand about Nonsen is that he was a different breed
Speaker 1: of polar explorer. In fact, I almost think he has
Speaker 1: less in common with his contemporaries or the polar explorers
Speaker 1: who came before him, who were just sort of like,
Speaker 1: get out there, run over whatever you need to to
Speaker 1: get there, Bring lots of men, it doesn't matter if
Speaker 1: they die, just achieve your goal. Um. I think he
Speaker 1: has less in common with those guys than he does
Speaker 1: with modern Arctic adventurers. So people like Felicity Aston, who
Speaker 1: are just you know, trying to hope, trying to inspire
Speaker 1: other people to achieve UM great things, or maybe more
Speaker 1: more likely real scientists who are out there collecting real data. Yes,
Speaker 1: so Nonson wasn't just out there for the recognition, and
Speaker 1: consequently he wasn't willing to throw his life away, although
Speaker 1: he did have some close calls, which will take a
Speaker 1: look at later. As a result, Nonson also had the
Speaker 1: odd distinction of being a polar explorer with a late
Speaker 1: life story that's really more impressive even than his youthful adventures.
Speaker 1: He became a diplomat, a humanitarian, a Nobel Peace Prize winner,
Speaker 1: and so it's a life that has earned us a
Speaker 1: two part of it with that kind of accomplishment, going
Speaker 1: to break it up into two episodes whereth so it
Speaker 1: all starts though on the skis forty off. Nonsen was
Speaker 1: born October tenth, eighteen sixty one, near Christagna, which is
Speaker 1: now Oslo in Norway. And at the time I think
Speaker 1: it's kind of a developed suburban area now, but at
Speaker 1: the time it was pretty rural. There were woods that
Speaker 1: backed up to his family's property, a lot of countryside,
Speaker 1: and his father was a lawyer. His mother was an
Speaker 1: aristocratic athlete, and so he came from a comfortable background
Speaker 1: but one that was still pretty rigorous to Both of
Speaker 1: his parents emphasized uh good morals and um kind of
Speaker 1: a kind of a simple lifestyle almost. They both had
Speaker 1: kids from earlier marriages and everybody, all the kids were
Speaker 1: encouraged to participate in sports which were really getting a
Speaker 1: lot more popular at this time with the upper classes,
Speaker 1: especially winter sports in Norway, and all of that dovetailed
Speaker 1: to a bit with a nature craze. Perfect place to
Speaker 1: grow up with these woods and countryside and opportunities to
Speaker 1: get out there and experience nature all around him. And
Speaker 1: Nonson didn't just grow up playing one sport. He grew
Speaker 1: up swimming, tumbling, fishing, hiking, skating, and skiing. Ultimately he
Speaker 1: got to a point where he could ski fifty miles
Speaker 1: a day with just his dog for company. So imagine
Speaker 1: skiing the distance of a marathon and then skiing back again.
Speaker 1: And I mean, I haven't done it, but I've always
Speaker 1: heard that cross country skiing is incredibly grueling, one of
Speaker 1: the highest calorie burning sports that's out there. Yeah, I
Speaker 1: haven't done it either, but it looks tough. When it
Speaker 1: came time to choose a field of study, nonsense father
Speaker 1: pushed him toward attending the Officers Academy, figuring tuition was
Speaker 1: free and that the lifestyle would allow his son the
Speaker 1: chance to continue the outdoor pursuits that he loves so much.
Speaker 1: But nonsense art teacher, on the other hand, pushed him
Speaker 1: to become a painter and professional artist, but Nonson decided
Speaker 1: to go to university and study zoology instead. It was
Speaker 1: a profession that he hoped would allow him to get
Speaker 1: outdoors and sketch, so kind of the best of both world.
Speaker 1: That's what he was hoping for, and he, being a
Speaker 1: smart kid, really might have easily just gone to university
Speaker 1: and continued in that scientific career, you know, maybe even
Speaker 1: done so quite successfully, had it not been for an
Speaker 1: offer that came up a year into college from one
Speaker 1: of his father's friends who was looking for a zoology
Speaker 1: student to join a whale and seal hunting expedition in
Speaker 1: the Arctic Ocean aboard a ship called the Viking. Kind
Speaker 1: of like he wanted an internal board or something almost
Speaker 1: so Nonsen went on this four and a half month
Speaker 1: long trip and took the time to study everything he saw, animals,
Speaker 1: ice formations, currents, the northern lights. He'd take notes on
Speaker 1: it all, he would do sketches, he'd take photos constantly,
Speaker 1: really working quite diligently so when he came home he
Speaker 1: put it all together, wrote a book and started dreaming
Speaker 1: of going back. That was the most important part of
Speaker 1: this expedition for him, on the Viking Arctic bug that
Speaker 1: he caught. He also got a really sweet job after that,
Speaker 1: and remember he's still only one year into college at
Speaker 1: this point. His job was as the zoological curator at
Speaker 1: the Bargain Museum. Bargain was one of Norway's most cosmopolitan
Speaker 1: cities and had a strong scientific community, so Nanson got
Speaker 1: to work with Daniel C. Danielson, an Arctic explorer from
Speaker 1: the eighteen seventies, and his son in law, Dr. Gerhardt Hanson,
Speaker 1: who discovered the leprosy Vassilists. He also made John's to
Speaker 1: Germany and to Italy to work in some of the
Speaker 1: continent's top labs, and the only thing that he didn't
Speaker 1: like about this was the temperate winter. In eight four,
Speaker 1: he skied across Norway from Bargain to Christiania in order
Speaker 1: to take part in a ski jumping across country competition.
Speaker 1: I think that was his first major athletic accomplishment or
Speaker 1: public athletic accomplishment. Yeah, I got a lot of press
Speaker 1: writing across Norway. Yes, it sounds like it would be
Speaker 1: a difficult thing to do. But all of this time,
Speaker 1: you know, ski jumping competitions, he was doing his research,
Speaker 1: and in eighty eight he defended his dissertation on the
Speaker 1: central nervous systems of certain lower vertebrates. And uh, the
Speaker 1: really interesting thing about this, I mean, I think it
Speaker 1: was a well received dissertation on its own, but what
Speaker 1: interests me about it is that he translated it himself.
Speaker 1: He spoke five different languages. He translated it into other
Speaker 1: languages and kind of abbreviated it to made it more readable,
Speaker 1: sort of maybe more like the Scientific American version of
Speaker 1: his dissertation, so that it would get a wider readership
Speaker 1: and people could see what he was working on. And
Speaker 1: we've talked already about how great of an artist he was.
Speaker 1: He illustrated it himself with his own lithographs, and he
Speaker 1: used a device called a camera Lucida to copy directly
Speaker 1: from the microscope to lithographical stone. So you can look
Speaker 1: up his dissertation online and see these illustrations, and they
Speaker 1: really do look like line drawings of what you would
Speaker 1: under a microscope. So he did a really great job
Speaker 1: with this and after that the job offer started rolling in,
Speaker 1: but Nonson turned them down. He had something else on
Speaker 1: his mind at the time, and that was a polar exploration.
Speaker 1: He had caught that bag so years earlier. Actually, immediately
Speaker 1: after returning from the Viking expedition, Nonson had started thinking
Speaker 1: about maybe a trip to Greenland. Yeah, and he decided
Speaker 1: to start with what he knew best, which was skiing.
Speaker 1: In the eighteen eighties, the interior of Greenland was still unexplored,
Speaker 1: and many people even believed that it might be ice free. Nonson, however,
Speaker 1: believed it was not only icy but passable, and so
Speaker 1: he decided he'd ski from Greenland's remote east coast to
Speaker 1: its inhabited west. And this was just crazy. I mean
Speaker 1: everyone thought that this was a crazy idea. Yeah, I
Speaker 1: mean crazy is the right word to describe it. That
Speaker 1: is what people people thought, or suicidal maybe, because skiing
Speaker 1: east to west meant there would be no retreat, you know,
Speaker 1: you couldn't decide um a few days, a few weeks
Speaker 1: in to turn back and go back to the houses.
Speaker 1: If winter was approaching too fast, you'd be stuck. And
Speaker 1: then also another thing that disturbed people was that there
Speaker 1: would be no base, and if you think about a
Speaker 1: lot of the polar exploration episodes we've talked about, there
Speaker 1: is usually a base and they go on these little
Speaker 1: dashes from the base to to try to reach their goal. Uh.
Speaker 1: The other thing that people were disturbed by was that
Speaker 1: he was planning on going with skis, so no sleds,
Speaker 1: no dogs, and that of course means that you can
Speaker 1: only bring what you can carry and still be able
Speaker 1: to ski across glaciers. Yeah. His Nobel Prize biography describes
Speaker 1: it like this quote. In nine explaining his philosophy to
Speaker 1: the students at St. Andrew's and his rictorial address, Nonson
Speaker 1: said that a line of retreat from a proposed action
Speaker 1: was a snare, and that one should burn his votes
Speaker 1: behind him so that there is no choice but to
Speaker 1: go forward. So I've seen this covered a few different
Speaker 1: ways than different sources, kind of as a metaphoric thing,
Speaker 1: burning boats, burning bridges. Where has he really burned his boat?
Speaker 1: So I am curious to learn any more about that.
Speaker 1: If if anybody knows or has read um more on
Speaker 1: nonsense in this boat burning potential, it seems like your
Speaker 1: line of retreat would already be removed even if the
Speaker 1: boats were still there the time to burn the why
Speaker 1: take them unless you just wanted one last big, warm
Speaker 1: boss fire. Um. So. Consequently, because of the nature of
Speaker 1: this expedition, Nonsen had trouble funding what seemed like suicide
Speaker 1: to a lot of people. He finally got a grant
Speaker 1: from a Danish politician and formed a five member team.
Speaker 1: There were three Norwegians and two saw Me and UH
Speaker 1: had a lot of trouble getting going on the mission
Speaker 1: to or on the expedition. There were many delays and
Speaker 1: UH they couldn't even start ascending the Eland Glacier until
Speaker 1: about mid August, by which point Arctic summer was kind
Speaker 1: of coming to an end and one of the crucial
Speaker 1: things with to be able to make it across the
Speaker 1: glacier before winter set in. So the party skied nine
Speaker 1: thousand feet above sea level and temperatures as low as
Speaker 1: negative forty nine degrees fahrenheit, with no choice but to
Speaker 1: just keep on going. They had brought along some pemmican, which,
Speaker 1: as I understand it is kind of like the original
Speaker 1: power bar but portable food. But the mixture didn't have
Speaker 1: enough fat in it, which was really I mean, they
Speaker 1: were close to starvation. Well, they were suffering a lot
Speaker 1: from that and um fortunately though, they were able to
Speaker 1: have enough strength to keep going, and by late September
Speaker 1: they reached the west coast, and by early October they
Speaker 1: got to a settled area. Here another happy accident happened
Speaker 1: for Nonsense Life. The last boat had left two months earlier,
Speaker 1: so that it sounds like a bad It sounds like
Speaker 1: a bad thing, but it did give him any other
Speaker 1: spoor as a chance to spend the winter with the
Speaker 1: local population. So Nonson took full advantage of this. He hunted,
Speaker 1: he sketched, he learned to kayak, He made friends, so
Speaker 1: when he came home to what was a hero's welcome,
Speaker 1: he had enough material for two books, the First Crossing
Speaker 1: of Greenland, which was published in eighteen ninety and Eskimo Life,
Speaker 1: which was published in and that stint with the with
Speaker 1: the people, they're learning how to kayak, learning how to
Speaker 1: survive in these temperatures, really did prove vital for his
Speaker 1: survival later on. And just kind of a high note
Speaker 1: too that I really like. In addition to providing a
Speaker 1: lot of new information about Greenland and its people and
Speaker 1: their customs and just the Greenland topography. To the trip
Speaker 1: was this huge pr campaign for skating, which was, as
Speaker 1: we've mentioned, you know, something that was still kind of
Speaker 1: catching on getting more popular. Kids started to form nonsin
Speaker 1: clubs where they would go out and ski and do
Speaker 1: outdoors the kind of pursuits, and um, he was a
Speaker 1: really great ambassador for this, and I think this is
Speaker 1: maybe a good opportunity to talk a little bit about
Speaker 1: how he looked too. Nonsen is a popular suggestion, and
Speaker 1: I wonder how much of it has to do with
Speaker 1: the very impressive mustache he sported. I know, I think
Speaker 1: Tico would be jealous. I think he would, Well, you
Speaker 1: were hoping for a mustache exhumation if we're gonna really
Speaker 1: lay it all out there, yeah, if we're going to
Speaker 1: be honest, I wasn't just hoping for a regular exhamation.
Speaker 1: We're hoping for another mustache exclamation, but really, like, go
Speaker 1: look him up though. He's got a look of a
Speaker 1: polar explorer, and I think that it will help too
Speaker 1: when if Billy Idol were a Polar explorer. He does
Speaker 1: look a lot like Billy Idol with the mustache. But
Speaker 1: I think especially in the second episode where we talk
Speaker 1: about some of his diplomatic work. People talk about his presence,
Speaker 1: the presence he had, and the confidence he had, and
Speaker 1: I think that that really comes across in pictures of
Speaker 1: him and will help all of that makes sense. So
Speaker 1: Nonson was a new hero not only of skiing but
Speaker 1: of exploration, and he spent the next four years writing
Speaker 1: and working as a curator of the Zotomical Institute of
Speaker 1: the University of Oslo. He also married Avis Stars, a singer,
Speaker 1: a daughter of a marine zoologist and an avid outdoors woman.
Speaker 1: You can find pictures of her too, in a pretty
Speaker 1: awesome little ski costume. I mean, and by little, I
Speaker 1: do not mean little in anyway. It's got a large
Speaker 1: skirt and full coverage. But by summer one Nonsen had
Speaker 1: that polar itch again. He started to plan another trip,
Speaker 1: and to understand his reasons for settling on this particular trip,
Speaker 1: we have to go back a little bit back in
Speaker 1: eighteen seventy nine, the American ship the US S. Jeanette,
Speaker 1: had gotten caught in ice north of Siberia, and that's
Speaker 1: pretty bad news. But the ship managed to hold together
Speaker 1: and drift along for about twenty one months before finally
Speaker 1: the coming to the pressure of the ice. From my
Speaker 1: understanding of how this happens, the ice, you know, forms
Speaker 1: around your boat, starts to cause immense pressure, eventually starts
Speaker 1: to break up the boat and pull it down. So
Speaker 1: that's what happened to the Jenette, and half of the
Speaker 1: crew ultimately died trying to make a dash back to Siberia.
Speaker 1: In three years later, though, remnants of the Jenette washed
Speaker 1: up in Greenland and it was a major discovery and
Speaker 1: that it proved the theory that currents went east to
Speaker 1: west over the Arctic. So nonsense saw the news of
Speaker 1: the Jennette and thought, Hey, if I had a boat
Speaker 1: that didn't get crushed by the ice, I could ride
Speaker 1: that current and maybe go right over the North Pole.
Speaker 1: Sounds kind of crazy again, It sounds like part two
Speaker 1: to Crazy Idea Land. And it was a really bold idea,
Speaker 1: but it was one that wisely worked off of observation
Speaker 1: and careful planning rather than the previous model we've alluded
Speaker 1: to a little bit of arctic assault. Really, you know,
Speaker 1: you get out there with like fifty to a hundred
Speaker 1: guys and just go with the techniques, you know, don't
Speaker 1: adapt to the climate. Really just bundle up and make
Speaker 1: a dash for it, a technique that obviously often ended
Speaker 1: in tragedy. There's a National and Geographic article by Hampton's
Speaker 1: Sides on Nonsense expedition, and it quotes a nonsense biographer
Speaker 1: named Roland Huntford as saying that it was very unusual
Speaker 1: for an explorer to quote take note of the forces
Speaker 1: of nature and try to work with them and not
Speaker 1: against them. So to pay attention to what way the
Speaker 1: currents were going. Think that maybe you could let yourself
Speaker 1: be iced in and just literally go with the flow
Speaker 1: instead of instead of just throwing everything you had at it.
Speaker 1: It took some planning, though, to figure out exactly how
Speaker 1: to work with nature in this way, I mean, Nonsen
Speaker 1: had to put a lot of time and thought into this.
Speaker 1: So the first step was the ship. Of course, Nonson
Speaker 1: got together with the shipbuilder call An Archer, to design
Speaker 1: a vessel that wouldn't be crushed by the ice pack,
Speaker 1: one that would be pushed up instead of pulled down.
Speaker 1: He also decided that for the mission to work, it
Speaker 1: would have to be very small, so he started gathering
Speaker 1: supplies for four or five years for about a dozen men,
Speaker 1: so a really innovative way of thinking about it. Every
Speaker 1: detail of spending years trapped an Arctic ice had to
Speaker 1: be considered very carefully, from the strength of the whole
Speaker 1: to the sanity of the men. The rudder and propeller,
Speaker 1: for example, could be pulled up as ice moved in.
Speaker 1: An insulation of reindeer hair, felt cork and tar kept
Speaker 1: things warmer inside, and a windmill powered electric lights that
Speaker 1: would keep the men in high spirits during those dark
Speaker 1: polar winters, allowing them to read from a six hundred
Speaker 1: book library that had been collected, listened to an automatic
Speaker 1: organ or chat in the saloon that was created on
Speaker 1: the vessel, which you know, maybe that sounds fruvolous, but
Speaker 1: if you're seriously planning to be in the ice for
Speaker 1: four or five years, in the dark for much of
Speaker 1: that time, you know, you've got to take into account
Speaker 1: the mental well being, yeah, the spirit of the of
Speaker 1: the men. So Nansen's wife named the ship the From
Speaker 1: which means forward, appropriately enough, and the expedition set off
Speaker 1: in June from Oslo, headed towards the New Siberian Islands,
Speaker 1: and by September they did what they were hoping to do.
Speaker 1: The ship was frozen in and you can imagine how
Speaker 1: harrowing that would be, waiting to see if it was
Speaker 1: gonna work, or whether your ship would actually think. And
Speaker 1: here's how Nonsen himself described it. He said, a deafening
Speaker 1: noise began, and the whole ship shook. The noise steadily
Speaker 1: grows till it is like all the pipes of an organ.
Speaker 1: Two days after that, he wrote that the ice is
Speaker 1: trying it's very utmost grind the From into powder. But
Speaker 1: that construction worked. The ship held together, it didn't sink,
Speaker 1: and the From was able to ride the drift, and
Speaker 1: the crew did entertain themselves with scientific research and ski
Speaker 1: trips and even a self published newspaper, which sounds very
Speaker 1: interesting big events of the day. The drift, however, was
Speaker 1: unpredictable and really slow, so Nonsense started to worry that
Speaker 1: they'd never be able to get far enough north to
Speaker 1: reach the pole, and that the whole thing might actually
Speaker 1: take something like six to seven years instead of four
Speaker 1: to five. So he had to make a major decision.
Speaker 1: He decided to take one comrade a pack of dogs
Speaker 1: and leave the relatively cushy newspaper filled from to make
Speaker 1: a dash for the pole. The only problem here though,
Speaker 1: was that besides bad maps, killer temperatures, and slushy ice,
Speaker 1: there'd be no way that he could catch up with
Speaker 1: the From when he was done. So the From of
Speaker 1: course would have drifted too far for him to make
Speaker 1: it back by then. So to go out on this
Speaker 1: dash to the poll, he would have to find the
Speaker 1: pole and then come back and then try to find
Speaker 1: solid land civilization, or just be left out there on
Speaker 1: the ice to die. So that's where we're going to
Speaker 1: leave off. In the next episode, we have a polar
Speaker 1: bear attack, a Nobel Prize, and because we did mention
Speaker 1: that Nelson had a pretty impressive later career to saving
Speaker 1: an estimated seven to twenty two million Russians from starvation,
Speaker 1: and we do mean millions. So sometimes it's it's a
Speaker 1: smart to be careful with your polar expedition planning because
Speaker 1: you have great things ahead of you. Well, keeping with
Speaker 1: this exploration theme, we're now going to move on to
Speaker 1: a listener mail. So Delena, remember this summer when we
Speaker 1: got a lot of postcards from a girl who was
Speaker 1: taking a grand tour around Europe. I do that was
Speaker 1: a pretty good postcard collection, as they're very impressive, and
Speaker 1: I liked how she would tell us what she was
Speaker 1: doing when she was when she was writing a postcard,
Speaker 1: where she was sitting in these amazing which podcast she
Speaker 1: listened to, which it was very fun. So I think
Speaker 1: we have a kind of part two of that from
Speaker 1: listener Hillary, who is sending us postcards while she's taking
Speaker 1: a violin tour. She's violinist and she's touring around Europe
Speaker 1: maybe beyond. She was in Hanover, Germany when she sent
Speaker 1: us her first card. But I really like something she wrote.
Speaker 1: She said that I've been particularly enjoying the episodes about
Speaker 1: things that happened in the Civil War era. Is my
Speaker 1: violin was made in eighteen sixty four in France. Caring
Speaker 1: about that time is like finding out fascinating backtoys about
Speaker 1: someone you know very well. Because I spent a lot
Speaker 1: of time with this violin and it definitely has a personality.
Speaker 1: So I thought that was such a neat commentary because
Speaker 1: you obviously can't know a person who was born in
Speaker 1: eighteen sixty four. I don't think there are any of
Speaker 1: them left, but you can be so familiar with an instrument,
Speaker 1: you know, as a professional violinist who spends much of
Speaker 1: her time with this, this thing from eighteen sixty four,
Speaker 1: and feels the connection to that that time, you know,
Speaker 1: a very real connection. And whoever played that violin before well,
Speaker 1: and presumably all the people who who've played it before,
Speaker 1: and the person who made it. And um, I just
Speaker 1: thought that was very neat. So Hillary has also sent
Speaker 1: us a couple of postcards. Um. One of them is
Speaker 1: from Palermo. I think that might be my favorite. It's
Speaker 1: the Church of the Marcharana. And I think that while
Speaker 1: you're googling pictures of Nonsen and his wife and skis, um,
Speaker 1: you could go ahead and google this church too, because
Speaker 1: to me it almost looks like three scoops of pink
Speaker 1: sherbet on top. I mean that was I thought it
Speaker 1: was a photoshopped or something when I first looked at it,
Speaker 1: just because the colors though striking. Um. She wrote to
Speaker 1: us too that she she must have felt the same way.
Speaker 1: She said that it was so visually memorable that she
Speaker 1: had to send it instead of a more dignified one.
Speaker 1: She probably wrote that because the postcard does have a
Speaker 1: again sherbet hued title above, labeling it his Lermo. But anyway, Hillary,
Speaker 1: Thank you so much for keeping us up with your
Speaker 1: travels and good luck with all your performances. And if
Speaker 1: you would like to send us some information about your
Speaker 1: own travels or history podcasts that have taken you places,
Speaker 1: or ideas that you have for future podcasts, you can
Speaker 1: write us at History podcast at how stuff works dot com,
Speaker 1: or you can look us up on Facebook or on
Speaker 1: Twitter and mist in history. And if you want to
Speaker 1: learn a little bit more about nobs whose favorite sport,
Speaker 1: we do have an article called how cross country Skiing works,
Speaker 1: and you can find it by searching on our home
Speaker 1: page at www dot how stuff where It's dot com.
Speaker 1: Be sure to check out our new video podcast, Stuff
Speaker 1: from the Future. Join how staf work staff as we
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