Speaker 1: Welcome to Stuff you missed in History Class from how
Speaker 1: Stuff Works dot com. Hello, and welcome to the podcast.
Speaker 1: I'm Sarah Dowdy and I'm Deblina choker Boarding. And in
Speaker 1: case you haven't noticed, we like themes and it's not
Speaker 1: going to be an exclamation themed episode. But we also
Speaker 1: like royal pretenders. They seem to come up a lot
Speaker 1: um especially we like them when they're not just pretending
Speaker 1: to claim a throne but actually pretending to be someone else.
Speaker 1: A double pretend, yeah, double pretend, impostors as well as pretenders.
Speaker 1: And today we're gonna be talking about a ten year
Speaker 1: old boy named Lambert Snell. And because he was a
Speaker 1: pretender and an impostor, an impostor two times over, you
Speaker 1: probably haven't ever heard of him before. Yeah, but the
Speaker 1: interesting thing about him is that for a brief time,
Speaker 1: he had like this cooked up claim that threatened the
Speaker 1: security of the tutor line major line in English is
Speaker 1: just getting going at this but just getting going at
Speaker 1: this point. And his defeat marked the true end of
Speaker 1: the War of the Roses. Yeah, it's not all over
Speaker 1: on boss Worth Field like you might think. Um, but
Speaker 1: because it's also almost Patrick's day, we've picked a subject
Speaker 1: that has a little bit of Irish influence on it too. Obviously,
Speaker 1: the story ends well for the Tutors, not for the Irish,
Speaker 1: but it's still interesting to learn a little bit about
Speaker 1: um this history between the two countries and find out
Speaker 1: why Ireland's chancellor would throw his weight behind a claimant
Speaker 1: who was obviously a fraud. It's it's going to be
Speaker 1: a curious question to answer. I think it definitely will.
Speaker 1: But first let's take a little look at the War
Speaker 1: of the Roses. Now, we get requests all the time
Speaker 1: to talk about the War of the Roses, and this
Speaker 1: is not going to be that episode. So don't get
Speaker 1: too excited if you're one of those fans, but we
Speaker 1: are going to refresh your memory just a little bit
Speaker 1: about what happened. So the wars took place between the
Speaker 1: Houses of York and Lancaster in the fourteen hundreds, and
Speaker 1: what happened was a York claimant eventually came out on top,
Speaker 1: Edward the Fourth. Yeah, and I mean there were a
Speaker 1: few bumps in the road even once Edward the Fourth
Speaker 1: was was the guy who who won. In the end,
Speaker 1: he had to execute his own brother, supposedly in a
Speaker 1: vat of wine. That's the old Shakespeare story apparently. Yeah, indeed, um,
Speaker 1: that was George, Duke of Clarence, and that's an important
Speaker 1: name to remember. We're not going to toss it. There
Speaker 1: are a lot of names here and we're gonna only
Speaker 1: mention the ones that are important. But that's one to
Speaker 1: to remember, um. But aside from having to execute his
Speaker 1: own brother, Edward the fourth was a really popular king.
Speaker 1: He was a very good fighter. He was never defeated
Speaker 1: on the field, so it seemed like things were going
Speaker 1: pretty well for for his line. Plus he had two sons.
Speaker 1: Unfortunately for the House of York. Edward up and died
Speaker 1: before where those two sons came of age and the
Speaker 1: rest of it you probably know from Shakespeare. Edward the fourth,
Speaker 1: older brother comes in at this point Richard, the Duke
Speaker 1: of Gloucester, and he locks the boys in the Tower
Speaker 1: of London. So if you've ever visited the Tower of
Speaker 1: London or you're from England, you might have heard the
Speaker 1: story as well. At this point, Richard declares himself King
Speaker 1: Richard the Third, and the boys disappear. That's another one
Speaker 1: of your like most requested suggestions. What happened to the
Speaker 1: the princes in the Tower. Yeah, it's one of those
Speaker 1: things that I think really makes the Tower of London
Speaker 1: an exciting site to see, even though it's kind of
Speaker 1: a really touristy site. It's it's fascinating for those scary
Speaker 1: stories you hear. But that was in fourteen eighty three
Speaker 1: and is one of history's great mysteries. Yeah. And not
Speaker 1: too long after that, though, Richard the Third was defeated
Speaker 1: in the Battle of bosworth Field by this new guy,
Speaker 1: this kind of random guy. I mean, that's not a
Speaker 1: very historical way to put it, but essentially what he was,
Speaker 1: Henry Tudor, Henry Tudor victorious makes him self Henry the seventh.
Speaker 1: And it's a really big deal because it's not just
Speaker 1: the end of the Wars of the Roses in that
Speaker 1: York Lancaster battle that had been going on for so long.
Speaker 1: It also ends the Plantagenet House, which Katie and I
Speaker 1: did an episode ages ago on Eleanor of Aquitaine, so
Speaker 1: we know that those that family has been around and
Speaker 1: in power for a very long time. Definitely, and Henry's
Speaker 1: own claim, though was pretty tenuous at that point. According
Speaker 1: to British heritage. In five there were actually twenty nine
Speaker 1: living people who were more qualified than he to to
Speaker 1: take the throw. You had better claims, right, But he's
Speaker 1: a pretty shrewd guy, and so he tries to solidify
Speaker 1: his claim by marrying a York girl, the daughter of
Speaker 1: Edward the fourth, the sister of the Princes of the Tower. Yeah,
Speaker 1: and um, you know that that probably helps get a
Speaker 1: certain amount of support, but there's still plenty of people
Speaker 1: who don't want him to be king, especially loyal Yorkists.
Speaker 1: And that's where our story stand in fourteen eighties six,
Speaker 1: when we have this pretender come in. And the interesting
Speaker 1: thing about ten year old Lambert from Nell is that
Speaker 1: he's so much of a pawn in his own story
Speaker 1: that we can't really start talking about it without talking
Speaker 1: about some other people first. It kind of reminded me
Speaker 1: of like boy bands or something like, you know, you
Speaker 1: get the contact first, and then you you cast the part,
Speaker 1: then you cast the parts. Yeah. So, um, we'll give
Speaker 1: you a little background on this particular Minuto scenario that's
Speaker 1: happening here. The Viscount Level, who is a crony of
Speaker 1: Richard and a Yorkist. He's the first to stage a
Speaker 1: major uprising against Henry the seventh just some months after
Speaker 1: his coronation. When this fails, though, he ends up going
Speaker 1: to Oxford and continues to scheme and look for a way.
Speaker 1: So he's one person that's involved in this. The other
Speaker 1: one is John della Pole. He meets John de la Pole,
Speaker 1: who is Earl of Lincoln, and John de la Pole
Speaker 1: is actually a real claimant to the throw and he
Speaker 1: was the nephew of Richard the third and Edward the
Speaker 1: fourth and is likely even Richard's air. Yeah, he's one
Speaker 1: of their sister's son, so definitely, uh, I mean it
Speaker 1: has a better claim than Henry tudor Um. But he
Speaker 1: seems like he would be the head of this rebellion,
Speaker 1: somebody who's so closely related to the former king Um.
Speaker 1: But surprisingly he does not take up the pretender business
Speaker 1: for himself. It is a very dangerous job, especially if
Speaker 1: you are the figurehead of the rebellion. So Lincoln and
Speaker 1: Level conspire with this Oxford priest named Richard simmons Um
Speaker 1: kind of not the one you heard of? You heard of?
Speaker 1: Exercise guy. I feel like we should start a list
Speaker 1: of people who are more famous today. May make random
Speaker 1: appearances in history, always a little bit awkward. Anyways, they
Speaker 1: conspire with this Oxford priest who presents one of his
Speaker 1: students as none other but Richard Duke of York. Richard
Speaker 1: Duke of York is one of the little town were boys,
Speaker 1: so surprise, surprise, it seems he's alive and in the
Speaker 1: form of this Oxford student. Alive and well, of course
Speaker 1: it's really Lambert from Nell, who just happens to be
Speaker 1: a handsome enough boy, the son of an Oxford tradesman. Um.
Speaker 1: He said to look kind of like the younger Tower Prince,
Speaker 1: but I mean, who knows how many people would really
Speaker 1: even know what those two boys looked like. He just
Speaker 1: he has the bearing of a prince and the manners,
Speaker 1: and he's been trained to play the part. So by
Speaker 1: late fourteen six, these two conspirators, Lincoln and Level, they're
Speaker 1: sure that their boy will not quote step out of character.
Speaker 1: As Karen Kenyon wrote, They've also gotten some funding from
Speaker 1: Lincoln's aunt, who is Margaret of Burgundy, and she's really
Speaker 1: eager to see the York's return to power, even if
Speaker 1: they do it through the rise of this pretender boy,
Speaker 1: Lambert Simnel. Yeah, I mean, she would I'm sure rather
Speaker 1: see one of her family members on the threat own.
Speaker 1: But that's something to keep in mind with this whole
Speaker 1: random pretender business too, that if the rebellion was successful,
Speaker 1: I'm pretty sure that somebody who was actually from the
Speaker 1: York family would end up on the throne and poor
Speaker 1: little Lambert would be disappeared. Yeah. Who knows what they
Speaker 1: told him at the time, but it probably wouldn't have
Speaker 1: turned out so well for him in the end. Yeah.
Speaker 1: But anyways, this is also where Ireland becomes important. We
Speaker 1: were not going to neglect this country because this is
Speaker 1: kind of our St. Patrick's Day episode. So the conspirators
Speaker 1: decide that Ireland will be the york Is base for
Speaker 1: the plot, and that's where they head off to. And
Speaker 1: we have to ask why Ireland. Why would Ireland be
Speaker 1: the head for for this rebellion? Um There was a
Speaker 1: lot of York support in Ireland, surprisingly strong support, especially
Speaker 1: from so called home rule Anglo Irish lords, and it
Speaker 1: was partly because members of the York family had served
Speaker 1: as lieutenants in Ireland for thirty years and had been
Speaker 1: pretty popular at least with some people while they were there,
Speaker 1: and one of them was even lieutenant when the Parliament
Speaker 1: at Dreda declared Ireland independent. So they had they had
Speaker 1: fond memories of the York family. They felt like they
Speaker 1: had been treated well enough, and the tutors were an
Speaker 1: unknown quantity at this point. Yeah, and another thing to
Speaker 1: note is that they were especially a big fans of
Speaker 1: that wine drowned Duke of Clarence who we mentioned earlier.
Speaker 1: He was born in Dublin and considered quote countryman and
Speaker 1: protector of the land. So this brings us to kind
Speaker 1: of the next stage, and our pretender conspiracy and Irish
Speaker 1: support actually increases at this point because Lambert Simnels suddenly
Speaker 1: ceases being the Prince in the Tower, his first faux identity,
Speaker 1: and becomes the twelve year old Edward Plantagenet, Earl of Warwick,
Speaker 1: the deceased Duke of Clarence, son and nephew of Edward
Speaker 1: the fourth and Richard the Third. So, I mean, this
Speaker 1: part makes it pretty unbelievable. I would say, not only
Speaker 1: is this random boy from Oxford pretending to be one prince,
Speaker 1: now he's pretending to be an earl who is actually
Speaker 1: still alive. I'm just thinking about this poor little ten
Speaker 1: year old boy, and how confused he has to I
Speaker 1: know he and I mean apparently he would. He would
Speaker 1: amuse people by recounting stories of his father's court. And
Speaker 1: you can just imagine all his handlers saying like, no,
Speaker 1: don't tell those stories anymore. It's like the wrong background.
Speaker 1: You need to change the whole thing. Flip the switch. Yes,
Speaker 1: I mean it would be disturbing, I'm sure, um, But
Speaker 1: the this whole switchero I mean there is a reason
Speaker 1: behind it, and it comes out of false news in
Speaker 1: early four seven that the Earl of Warwick had been
Speaker 1: imprisoned in the tower and killed, which wouldn't be that
Speaker 1: surprising anyways. He is probably one of the Yorks with
Speaker 1: the strongest claim to the throne at this point. So
Speaker 1: Lincoln and Level essentially take a gamble and they decide
Speaker 1: that if Warwick really has been killed, and if Henry
Speaker 1: the seventh is called upon to produce him and he can't,
Speaker 1: he'll be exposed as a murderer or people will think
Speaker 1: that Simnel is the real deal. And you know, maybe
Speaker 1: even if Henry the Seventh can produce Warwick, people will
Speaker 1: be so confused about what's going on they might not
Speaker 1: know who's who, And that's exactly what happens. Henry the
Speaker 1: Seventh gets legitimately concerned and he takes Warwick out of
Speaker 1: wherever he's keeping him, sort of parades him around London.
Speaker 1: He even takes the poor kid to church with him,
Speaker 1: you know, finally like showing him. Yeah, And it's too
Speaker 1: late though, because by that point people are confused. They're
Speaker 1: not sure which of these boys is the real thing,
Speaker 1: and everyone's everyone's just mixed up. That's what happens when
Speaker 1: pretenders are also imposters. So true. So meanwhile, the Irish
Speaker 1: are only continuing to build up the young Simnels, so
Speaker 1: they're kind of playing on this whole confusion, most notably
Speaker 1: the Lord Deputy of Ireland, Gerald Fitzgerald, Earl of Kildare,
Speaker 1: and his brother Thomas Fitzgerald, Chancellor of Ireland. They're working
Speaker 1: on this and building up this story a bit. So
Speaker 1: with such strong Irish support, Killed Dare sets up a
Speaker 1: coronation and I mean, you probably didn't expect it to
Speaker 1: get quite this far, but it happens. Simnel is crowned
Speaker 1: at Dublin's christ Church Cathedral and he's accepted as king
Speaker 1: everywhere in Ireland. But Waterford. And that's a note too.
Speaker 1: He's accepted as King of England and Ireland, not King
Speaker 1: of England and Lord of Ireland as as he would
Speaker 1: traditionally have been. Um. But it's kind of sad too,
Speaker 1: and it reminds us again that he's just this little boy.
Speaker 1: He's so tiny that he has to wear a crown
Speaker 1: off the statue of the Virgin and afterwards the mayor
Speaker 1: carries him through Dublin on his shoulders to a big
Speaker 1: feast at Dublin Castle. He's probably the king all he
Speaker 1: must have been really good at pretending and it's all
Speaker 1: paying off. Yeah, he might be having a good time
Speaker 1: at this point, but it makes you wonder did people
Speaker 1: really buy into these switcheroos and shady claims that we're
Speaker 1: going on, especially the Irish, did they really buy into
Speaker 1: everything that was going on? I mean you just said it.
Speaker 1: Everybody in Ireland except for the people in Waterford pretty
Speaker 1: much accepted him, so yeah, they were the holdouts. Um,
Speaker 1: so let's take a look at it. Well, most historians
Speaker 1: think no, that the Irish didn't really buy into it.
Speaker 1: It's simply suited the purposes of the Irish Yorkists to
Speaker 1: play such a major role in this promising uprising. Yeah,
Speaker 1: you have this boy king, and if he's successful and
Speaker 1: you helped put him on the throne, well then hopefully
Speaker 1: you get treated a little better than than you might
Speaker 1: under the current ruler. Yeah. There is one historian, though,
Speaker 1: at least Jeremy Potter, who differs with us. He says,
Speaker 1: kill dare respected Lincoln and Level's word, and since they
Speaker 1: swore the boy was the son of the Juke of Clarence,
Speaker 1: he might have actually really believe them. Yeah. So, I mean,
Speaker 1: you know, I guess I can see either way, But
Speaker 1: at least for the majority of people, I can't imagine
Speaker 1: that they would seriously believe this claim. You'd have to,
Speaker 1: you'd have to pay lip service to it, you know,
Speaker 1: you'd have to. You'd have to go out and really
Speaker 1: say you did believe it was the boy and he
Speaker 1: should be king. But I don't know, I think it
Speaker 1: seemed pretty obvious he was a puppet. Yeah, it seems
Speaker 1: like a stretch. Who knows. Maybe it was a little
Speaker 1: bit of a mixture. Some did, some didn't, But you know, regardless,
Speaker 1: Ireland does come out in support of the boy. It
Speaker 1: throws its lot in with the boy and the rebel
Speaker 1: makeup that sails for the Lancashire coast is. Um. It
Speaker 1: seems pretty impressive initially at least. Yeah, two thousand German
Speaker 1: mercenaries under the command of Swiss Captain Martin Schwartz, paid
Speaker 1: for by Margaret, Duchess of Burgundy. Of course, it is
Speaker 1: the money behind the money bags. And there were up
Speaker 1: to five thousand Irish but mostly rebel. Yeah, just guys
Speaker 1: who have joined up for various reasons. Um. They're joined
Speaker 1: in England by more rebels and a few Scottish mercenaries.
Speaker 1: But this is where the first cracks start to show.
Speaker 1: Lincoln was definitely assuming that more people in England would
Speaker 1: would join up, would come to to support the York
Speaker 1: cause against the Tutors. But it seemed like the English
Speaker 1: were pretty leer at this whole plan. And according to
Speaker 1: a really great article in military history by Stephen Jarvis,
Speaker 1: Lord Baconstead of the march into Yorkshire, quote, their snowball
Speaker 1: did not gather as it went, And he also said
Speaker 1: that um Englishmen didn't quote care to have a king
Speaker 1: brought into them upon the shoulders of Irish and Dutch.
Speaker 1: So that might have been a pretty big oversight on
Speaker 1: Lincoln and Level's part. But the King wasn't really doing
Speaker 1: so well with support either at that point. He was
Speaker 1: trying to rally people and the rebels actually got five
Speaker 1: days to hunker down before the Royalist supporters got there
Speaker 1: to challenge them in the first place. His main allies,
Speaker 1: the king's main allies at this point are Henry Percy,
Speaker 1: Earl of Northumberland and Henry Lord Clifford, but he's later
Speaker 1: joined by George Talbot, Earl of Shrewsbury, George Lord Strange,
Speaker 1: and John Cheney in Nottingham. So these captains they add
Speaker 1: a lot of men, so things start to look up
Speaker 1: gradually for him. They add about six thousand men and
Speaker 1: just in time since the rebels have come through Sherwood Forest. Yeah.
Speaker 1: So the battle finally goes down on June six, and
Speaker 1: it's just outside the village of Stoke on Trent, Thus
Speaker 1: the Battle of Stokefield, that's what it's called. It's nine
Speaker 1: thousand rebels versus fifteen thousand Royalists and the mercenary. Schwartz
Speaker 1: knows that it's not looking very good for them. You know,
Speaker 1: they really didn't get the English support they needed to
Speaker 1: to to truly fight, and he says to Lincoln, quote Sarah,
Speaker 1: now I see well that you have deceived yourself and
Speaker 1: also me, but that notwithstanding all such promise as I
Speaker 1: made and to my lady the Dutch, I shall perform.
Speaker 1: So the quote beggarly and naked Irish are a reserve.
Speaker 1: We call them rabble earlier, but just guys who are
Speaker 1: not really very skilled fighters. Certainly it's not an army. Yeah,
Speaker 1: they're not an army. They're not well equipped soldiers. They
Speaker 1: make up the reserve. The Germans lead a charge, and
Speaker 1: they do this because they don't have archers, and Schwartz
Speaker 1: knows that the English do, and if they end up
Speaker 1: on this prolonged fight, the rebels will will surely lose.
Speaker 1: And it it This tactic does work. For a minute,
Speaker 1: this this charge, it's scary. They are all these German
Speaker 1: guys with twenty ft pikes, and some of the English,
Speaker 1: especially those who are not quite as battle trained, start
Speaker 1: to flee and break up. But the English regroup, they
Speaker 1: get it together again, and their weapons are superior, especially
Speaker 1: when it comes to hand to hand combat. The twenty pikes,
Speaker 1: I mean, that's great charging down the hill, but maybe
Speaker 1: a little awkward when you're fighting in the thick of things.
Speaker 1: The Irish try to retreat over the ridge because they
Speaker 1: really don't have good weaponry at all, and the battle,
Speaker 1: according to Stephen Jarvis, becomes quote butchery pretty quickly. Yeah,
Speaker 1: four thousand Irish were killed trying to cross the Trent,
Speaker 1: which is still called the Red Gutter. Some mercenaries they
Speaker 1: die fighting, pretty much all of them, right then. I mean,
Speaker 1: they're they're trained guys, and they know it's what they
Speaker 1: gotta do. Honorable thing. Lincoln and the irishman Thomas Fitzgerald
Speaker 1: are killed in battle. But Level's body has never found
Speaker 1: and this part I find really fascinating. He could he
Speaker 1: have escaped across the Trent. You know, no one knows
Speaker 1: what happened to him, but it's likely that he probably drowned.
Speaker 1: But here's the catch. Later in the eighteenth century, there
Speaker 1: was a secret chamber found in Level's ancestral home, and
Speaker 1: there was a skeleton inside that secret chamber, seated at
Speaker 1: a table. Yeah, not just lying down at a table.
Speaker 1: That's really weird. And I mean, obviously we don't know
Speaker 1: if that is Level himself, but definitely a strange note
Speaker 1: to mention. So with the end of the battle, it's
Speaker 1: the end of the Wars of the Roses, and the
Speaker 1: Yorkist leaders are buried with green willows staves driven through
Speaker 1: their hearts. Really kind of a grizzly thing to do.
Speaker 1: Henry the Seventh loses three thousand men, but none of
Speaker 1: them are nobles or gentlemen. Um, I mean, poor other guys.
Speaker 1: But I guess that's of note for him that he's
Speaker 1: not losing his his captains in case he's got to
Speaker 1: keep fighting later. And then a few days after this,
Speaker 1: he's in Lincoln and he publicly executes the surviving rebels
Speaker 1: to really make a point. You know, I'm the king now,
Speaker 1: don't try any of this. But remarkably, some of our
Speaker 1: main characters from this podcast are not in that group
Speaker 1: of executed rebels. Some of the main players actually. Yeah,
Speaker 1: Earl of Kildare, for example, he ends up spending a
Speaker 1: spell in the tower, but is eventually pardoned. He even
Speaker 1: gets back his whole as Lord Deputy and is essentially
Speaker 1: the power broker between the Gaelic and Anglo Irish lords. Yeah,
Speaker 1: we're going to talk a little bit more about him
Speaker 1: in a minute. The Priest Richard Simmons is sentenced to
Speaker 1: life in prison. He's probably safe because he is a priest,
Speaker 1: and even a little Lambertsnell gets a job. I guess
Speaker 1: Henry the Seventh just realizes he's not a threat on
Speaker 1: his own. He was a puppet. He's just a little boy.
Speaker 1: He's put to work in the royal kitchen, which Debilina
Speaker 1: was saying that it sounded like a better job than
Speaker 1: being a royal pretender in the first place. Yeah, totally.
Speaker 1: I mean, as you pointed out in earlier in the podcast,
Speaker 1: if he had, if it worked, if their scheme had worked,
Speaker 1: he probably would have been disposed of pretty soon. So
Speaker 1: I think being a being a chef, a royal chef,
Speaker 1: sounds a lot better than that. He even gets a promotion.
Speaker 1: He does. He gets promoted to royal falconer, and he
Speaker 1: lives to age fifty, which is a remarkable age considering
Speaker 1: he is a no own tutor trader, I mean fifty.
Speaker 1: That's amazing that that he's allowed to live and that
Speaker 1: he he doesn't get into any more trouble, lives a long,
Speaker 1: happy life. Good for good for Lambert. Yeah, a little
Speaker 1: Lambert is kind of the winner in this story, Ireland
Speaker 1: is unfortunately not, and that's because Ireland's participation in the
Speaker 1: rebellion left a really bad taste in Henry's mouth, especially
Speaker 1: when just a few years later, the here's yet another
Speaker 1: prince in the tower, poser pretender, who pops up Perkin Warbeck,
Speaker 1: who's in Cork, and again he's championed by these Yorkists
Speaker 1: in Ireland. And while this attempt or this rebellion doesn't
Speaker 1: really come to battle like the other one did, it
Speaker 1: really opposed a more serious threat than than Lambert's rebellion,
Speaker 1: partly because Warbick's friends included people like James the fourth
Speaker 1: of Scotland and the French King and the Habsburgs. He
Speaker 1: had some real weight behind him. So after that Henry
Speaker 1: the Seventh gets rid of killed are got a job back,
Speaker 1: but ends up losing his job again. And he puts
Speaker 1: an Englishman in the de facto position of power in Ireland,
Speaker 1: and that is Sir Edward Pointings. While it has post
Speaker 1: Pointing strips Ireland of all their independence, and he summons
Speaker 1: an Irish Parliament at Dreda, making it past legislation that
Speaker 1: all future decisions would need approval from English Privy Council. Yeah,
Speaker 1: so a pretty bad deal for Ireland. It was called
Speaker 1: Pointing Flaw and it wasn't repealed until seventeen eighty two.
Speaker 1: It meant, of course that the Irish Parliament was no
Speaker 1: longer independent. And of course, you know, I mean probably
Speaker 1: most of you have have covered a little bit of
Speaker 1: the Tutor Tutor Irish relations and we're not going to
Speaker 1: get into all of that. But the English Reformation only
Speaker 1: stirred up the violence, and Henry the fourth of course
Speaker 1: abolished the monasteries and established the Church of Ireland. And
Speaker 1: there were three Irish rebellions under Elizabeth the first. I
Speaker 1: was actually originally thinking of doing a podcast on one
Speaker 1: of those, but I couldn't pick between between the three,
Speaker 1: and I thought it might be even a more tragic St.
Speaker 1: Patrick's Day subject than than this one. This one, at
Speaker 1: least this little Lambert Lambert, I guess could be the
Speaker 1: uplifting part for this. Yeah, But I mean, ultimately, I
Speaker 1: think this is a really interesting story because it's most
Speaker 1: famous for wrapping up one era, the War the Roses,
Speaker 1: and it it's the end of the York cause because
Speaker 1: of course Henry the seventh once he starts having sons.
Speaker 1: He's pretty much in trench. You know that the people
Speaker 1: stopped really thinking so much about having yet another war
Speaker 1: and a new king and and starting all over again. Um.
Speaker 1: But while it was wrapping up that time period, it
Speaker 1: it really started another one in Ireland. And I thought
Speaker 1: that Dale Hope for the American Historical Review put it
Speaker 1: really nicely. He wrote, quote, the issue at Stoke transcended
Speaker 1: the fate of Lancaster and York? Was it not really
Speaker 1: a question of the relation of Ireland to England? So
Speaker 1: I mean, I think that's an interesting way to look
Speaker 1: at it. Yeah, definitely sums up the significance of this moment,
Speaker 1: so to speak, and opens up a whole other can
Speaker 1: of worms that we can explore in future podcast too.
Speaker 1: It does well. I guess that about wraps it up
Speaker 1: for young Lambert Mill, but it does bring us to
Speaker 1: listener mail. So this email is from Hannah and I
Speaker 1: really like the subject line too. I'm going to go
Speaker 1: ahead and read it. Y'all are mind readers all right? Um?
Speaker 1: She wrote to us, I'm a high school senior and
Speaker 1: a devoted listener to Steph you missed in history class,
Speaker 1: which is coming handy. A number of times by filling
Speaker 1: me in on stuff I actually did miss in history class.
Speaker 1: In fact, for the past several months, almost every time
Speaker 1: I have a test on something, a podcast has come
Speaker 1: out on a related helpful subject. This has been especially
Speaker 1: useful for ap art history. We learned about Rococo Art,
Speaker 1: and what did I see on iTunes? A series about
Speaker 1: the Bourbons who started Rococo Art. Now we're about to
Speaker 1: take a unit test that includes the Baroque period, and
Speaker 1: suddenly you send me a podcast about Caravaggio. I don't
Speaker 1: know what this strange connection is, but I appreciate you
Speaker 1: helping me out in class, and it would be really
Speaker 1: great if we could keep up our awesome mind link
Speaker 1: because I think it is significantly improving my grades. Hint.
Speaker 1: Next unit is about Impressionism post Impressionism. So wow. I
Speaker 1: have to say. I did totally almost do a podcast
Speaker 1: or suggest a podcast on Dega when we were thinking
Speaker 1: of New Orleans related stories, since he spent some time
Speaker 1: in New Orleans. So maybe maybe we are my graders.
Speaker 1: In fact, I hope it's not too late for you,
Speaker 1: Hannah Um, but yeah, it's it's always great to hear
Speaker 1: that we are helping somebody improve their grades. I mean,
Speaker 1: come on, who doesn't like to hear something like that? Definitely? Now,
Speaker 1: if only we could apply the mind reading to other
Speaker 1: areas of our lives, Yeah, that would be helpful. It
Speaker 1: would be So if you have any podcast subjects that
Speaker 1: you think would help boost your grades, and unfortunately they're
Speaker 1: probably gonna have to interest us to going to cover them, um,
Speaker 1: still send them our way. We're at history podcast at
Speaker 1: how stuff works dot com. You can also find us
Speaker 1: on Facebook and you can find us on Twitter at
Speaker 1: Misston History. And yeah, I guess I just want to
Speaker 1: wish everyone a happy St. Patrick's Day. Have a great
Speaker 1: time celebrating however however you do. And um, we also
Speaker 1: have blogs at how stuff works dot com. And I
Speaker 1: know last year Molly from stuff Mom Never Told You
Speaker 1: wrote a post on how to catch a lepre con.
Speaker 1: So that's really I'm sure the tips are still valid. Yeah,
Speaker 1: if you can find it on the blogs, I know
Speaker 1: it's still there. And uh do that by going over
Speaker 1: to our home page at www dot how stuff works
Speaker 1: dot com for more on this and thousands of other topics.
Speaker 1: Is it how stuff works dot com. To learn more
Speaker 1: about the podcast, click on the podcast icon in the
Speaker 1: upper right corner of our homepage. The How Stuff Works
Speaker 1: iPhone app has a rise. Download it today on iTunes