Speaker 1: Welcome to Stuff you Missed in History Class from how
Speaker 1: Stuff Works dot com. Hello, and welcome to the podcast.
Speaker 1: I'm Sarah Daddy and I'm Dublin A Charkerboardy. And the
Speaker 1: question that we have on the table who was America's
Speaker 1: first black millionaires isn't one that you think would be
Speaker 1: really up for debate. I mean, most people when they
Speaker 1: discuss America's first black female millionaire, they're talking about a
Speaker 1: woman named Sarah Breedlove Walker, who's also known as Madam C. J. Walker.
Speaker 1: Walker was born in eighteen sixty seven. She was the
Speaker 1: daughter of former slaves, and she was raised in a
Speaker 1: shack in Louisiana. She however, managed to work her way
Speaker 1: all the way up from being a washerwoman to owning
Speaker 1: her own multimillion dollar company called Madam C. J. Walker
Speaker 1: Manufacturing Company. And kind of the key to her success
Speaker 1: was inventing a formula for a product that gave African
Speaker 1: American women's smooth, shiny hair, and she did that in
Speaker 1: nineteen o five, so really self made woman worked her
Speaker 1: way up. Most historians say that Walker became a millionaire
Speaker 1: around nineteen fourteen or nineteen fifteen, so she was nearly
Speaker 1: fifty years old when she got there. Yeah, she's the
Speaker 1: lady who you learn about when you're studying black history
Speaker 1: in school. You learn you know, you see her picture,
Speaker 1: you'd probably recognize her if you if you saw her,
Speaker 1: you'd recognize her advertisements. Even she's very famous even today exactly.
Speaker 1: But it's someone else, another person named Sarah. In fact,
Speaker 1: how about that Sarah is very popular. This person may
Speaker 1: have actually beaten her to the punch and it was
Speaker 1: a black girl named Sarah Rector who became a millionaire
Speaker 1: somewhere around nineteen eleven or nineteen twelve. And the really
Speaker 1: amazing part about this is that she was only ten
Speaker 1: years old. And I'm just gonna pause here to say
Speaker 1: that a lot of our dates in this podcast come
Speaker 1: from an article about Rector that was published in the
Speaker 1: Crisis last year. The Crisis is the n Double, a
Speaker 1: CP magazine, and it was an article called the Richest
Speaker 1: Colored Girl in the World. So we kind of have to,
Speaker 1: I guess, just pick one set of dates because there's
Speaker 1: a lot of debate about what dates, happened, the win,
Speaker 1: the where, everything like that, because there's really not that
Speaker 1: much information out there about her. Yeah, not much that
Speaker 1: was that was documented. Um, But you know, if we're
Speaker 1: going to assume though she's ten years old, it's nineteen eleven,
Speaker 1: nineteen twelve. At such a young age, obviously, her wealth
Speaker 1: did not come from hard work like Madam C. J. Walker,
Speaker 1: from the successful business. Instead, it was the result of
Speaker 1: a combination of legislation, oil speculation, and quite obviously a
Speaker 1: little bit of good luck. But at the same time,
Speaker 1: she didn't have it easy either. She had really humble beginnings.
Speaker 1: Her story, though, is a little different from some others
Speaker 1: that you might hear about growing up black in North
Speaker 1: America around the turn of the twentieth century. She was
Speaker 1: born March third, nineteen o two, in Indian Territory, which
Speaker 1: would later become the state of Oklahoma in nineteen o seven,
Speaker 1: So this was kind of northeast Oklahoma, so you can
Speaker 1: think about it that way. And she was born near
Speaker 1: the town of Taft, which was an all black town.
Speaker 1: But there's something interesting about being born in Indian Territory
Speaker 1: at this time because even though she's black by birthright,
Speaker 1: she's a member of the Creek Nation. Go figure right.
Speaker 1: So here's the background to that. Some Native Americans and
Speaker 1: Indian Territory had African slaves prior to the Civil War,
Speaker 1: just like some white people did. However, as a result
Speaker 1: of the Treaty of eighteen sixty six, which was between
Speaker 1: the US government and the five civilized tribes and that
Speaker 1: included the Creek, the Cherokee, the Choctaw, Chickasaw, and Seminole tribes,
Speaker 1: these tribes had to abolish slavery and make the former slaves,
Speaker 1: who were known from that point as freedman, full members
Speaker 1: of their tribes, and as such they had quote an
Speaker 1: equal interest in the soil. So it was amazing because
Speaker 1: blacks finally had their own land. It was a big
Speaker 1: landmark thing to happen for them, and they were members
Speaker 1: of Indian nations, so kind of a strange combination of
Speaker 1: identities here. But soil that that important were there became
Speaker 1: really significant in eight seven with the passage of the
Speaker 1: DAWs Allotment Act, and basically it was a policy that
Speaker 1: did away with communal tribal landholdings in preparation for turning
Speaker 1: Indian territory into a state, and the aim was to
Speaker 1: absorb tried members into US society. And as a part
Speaker 1: of the act, a few things happened. One was reservation lands,
Speaker 1: which were of course giant blocks of land, were broken
Speaker 1: up into individual parcels that were each in turn given
Speaker 1: to individual tribe members. So every tribe member got a
Speaker 1: hundred and sixty acres of land. And then once everything
Speaker 1: was divided up and everybody got his or her share,
Speaker 1: there was a surplus of land that was sold to
Speaker 1: white settlers. Yeah, and in this situation, Native Americans and
Speaker 1: Black freedmen, they were considered equally when these land arstals
Speaker 1: were handed out. So as part of this act, Native
Speaker 1: Americans and Black freedmen were considered equally when the land
Speaker 1: parcels were actually handed out, And something interesting happened as
Speaker 1: part of this. About four thousand, four hundred and seven
Speaker 1: black children received nearly one million acres of land in
Speaker 1: eastern Oklahoma. So everybody was getting a piece, and they
Speaker 1: did too. And since the distribution of these lands lasted
Speaker 1: until nineteen o six, Rector was one of those kids
Speaker 1: that got some land as well. But just getting the
Speaker 1: land isn't what made Rector rich. In fact, a lot
Speaker 1: of the land that the Native Americans and freedman ended
Speaker 1: up with was considered to be completely worthless. They got
Speaker 1: the Rocky hilly stuff, basically the stuff that you couldn't
Speaker 1: do anything with, and the land that was considered farmable
Speaker 1: and useful was given to white settlers or put up
Speaker 1: for white settlers to be able to purchase. I should
Speaker 1: make some money off of it. The Rector got her
Speaker 1: a little parcel of land when she was about four
Speaker 1: years old, and it was located in an area known
Speaker 1: as Glenpool, and initially it was a praised is only
Speaker 1: being worth five fifty six dollars and fifty cents. I
Speaker 1: think that's important to to add that little note in there.
Speaker 1: And her dad, Joseph Rector, was just not interested on
Speaker 1: owning this property or his daughter owning the property, because
Speaker 1: he was going to have to pay taxes on it,
Speaker 1: so he tried to sell it off. He petitioned the
Speaker 1: Muskogee County Court to u to let him sell it,
Speaker 1: but there were restrictions in place about the land, and
Speaker 1: he couldn't sell it because Sarah was a minor and
Speaker 1: therefore she couldn't legally enter into business contracts. So he
Speaker 1: had to keep paying taxes on what everyone thought was
Speaker 1: entirely worthless land. And it was a struggle for the
Speaker 1: family because they didn't have a lot of money, so
Speaker 1: it's really kind of a significant thing. Then. However, in
Speaker 1: February nineteen eleven, a businessman named B. B. Jones made
Speaker 1: a discovery on Rector's property that kind of changed everything,
Speaker 1: and that was loyal Yeah, cu the Beverly Hillbillies. Yeah, definitely. Um.
Speaker 1: Much like the dates we have to mention here, exact
Speaker 1: figures regarding the income that she ended up getting from
Speaker 1: this oil tent to vary, but we can say that
Speaker 1: by about nineteen thirteen, her land had already earned around
Speaker 1: three hundred thousand dollars and her income was increasing at
Speaker 1: a rate of ten thousand per month, so even by
Speaker 1: today's standards, a lot of my According to the crisis,
Speaker 1: Some national newspapers reported that a nineteen thirteen her income
Speaker 1: from oil revenue was as high as fifty thousand dollars
Speaker 1: a month, a whole lot of money. And you'd think, then,
Speaker 1: if she's bringing in all of this money, her family
Speaker 1: would at least be living comfortably, even if if they
Speaker 1: didn't have access to all of it, they'd have a
Speaker 1: little something going on. But reports had her still living
Speaker 1: in a two room shanty with her family, which included
Speaker 1: five siblings so tight quarters, they're wearing a cheap dress
Speaker 1: and no shoes. Plus she wasn't even in school. So
Speaker 1: clearly something had gone terribly wrong if this little girl
Speaker 1: could be making so much money and gotten so lucky
Speaker 1: with her a lotment of land and she still she's
Speaker 1: living in poverty, right, And it didn't really help that
Speaker 1: while all this was going on, Rector may have become
Speaker 1: an orphan, and we say may have. It doesn't seem
Speaker 1: like that should be a question, but we say may
Speaker 1: have because some sources say that her mother, Rosa Rector,
Speaker 1: had died of tuberculosis a few years prior, and that
Speaker 1: her dad reportedly died in prison in nineteen However, there
Speaker 1: are some historical articles from the Chicago Defender newspaper that
Speaker 1: have her dad dying as late as n so big discrepancy.
Speaker 1: But even with her dad in the picture, a white
Speaker 1: guardian was appointed to oversee her estate. Well, I think
Speaker 1: that's kind of interesting to note that whether her parents
Speaker 1: were alive or dad didn't really even matter because there
Speaker 1: was going to be this white guardian in the picture. Yeah,
Speaker 1: it was really common at the time, and not just
Speaker 1: for kids, but also for adult Friedman and Native Americans
Speaker 1: whose land turned out to be worth something when the
Speaker 1: oil was discovered. The Chicago Defender actually called it the
Speaker 1: birth of a new kind of shark quote the oil
Speaker 1: grabber Guardian sounds like a shark, definitely. In a book
Speaker 1: called The Greatest Gamblers, which is about American oil exploration,
Speaker 1: and it's by a woman named Ruth Sheldon Knowles, Sarah
Speaker 1: Rector was one of the lucky people in these situations.
Speaker 1: Others were cheated out of their lands or even worse.
Speaker 1: Um and this is really sad, but the book relates
Speaker 1: the story of two other black orphans who had land
Speaker 1: allotments in Glenpool. The passage reads, these luckless waives were
Speaker 1: murdered in a shock mind with dynamite by a group
Speaker 1: of whites who were ready to claim their wealth with
Speaker 1: forged documents and false airs. So the situation definitely could
Speaker 1: have been worse. But even then things weren't really going well.
Speaker 1: But all of a sudden, Sarah Rector had another stroke
Speaker 1: of luck. And that was when some people, including a
Speaker 1: special agent for the n double a c P in
Speaker 1: the U. S. Children's Bureau, started looking into the mismanagement
Speaker 1: of her estate. In early nineteen fourteen, so started poking
Speaker 1: around and realizing something was definitely wrong here. Also around
Speaker 1: the same time, newspapers heard about the little girl's story,
Speaker 1: and this photo of her standing in front of the
Speaker 1: dirty shanty where she lives started circulating, and Dablina, you
Speaker 1: sent me the photo earlier today. It's very sad and
Speaker 1: pathetic looking this poor little girl in a tattered dress
Speaker 1: standing in front of her her little shanty. Yeah, morose expression,
Speaker 1: very adorable, but very sad. So after this investigation started,
Speaker 1: the nub a CP got heavily involved in it and
Speaker 1: started advocating on her behalf. In fact, people like W. E. B.
Speaker 1: Dwo Boys, who was the head of the a c P.
Speaker 1: He got interested in her case and really got actively
Speaker 1: involved in it. So by October nine, fourteen, they actually
Speaker 1: managed to get Rector out of Oklahoma and into school.
Speaker 1: There's some discrepancy again over exactly what sort of school
Speaker 1: and she received. According to the crisis, records show that
Speaker 1: she was at the Children's school at Tuskegee Institute from
Speaker 1: December nineteen fourteen to September nineteen fifteen. Booker T. Washington
Speaker 1: himself is said to have made the arrangements for her
Speaker 1: admission and oversaw her education there, and then later she
Speaker 1: went to and graduated from Lincoln High School in Kansas City.
Speaker 1: But some other sources say that she went to high
Speaker 1: school and then attended Tuskegee University. So again just a difference,
Speaker 1: and I think it might even be semantics here, you know,
Speaker 1: what we call Tuskegee today as opposed to what they
Speaker 1: called it in the past, and and so forth. But yeah,
Speaker 1: who definitely, we do know though that she did attend
Speaker 1: Tuskegee at some point, but it didn't exactly solve her problems,
Speaker 1: and that was partly because the people managing her estate
Speaker 1: weren't doing a very good job of it, and the
Speaker 1: people who were trying to help her couldn't get that
Speaker 1: control away from her white guardian. They did manage to
Speaker 1: get her a little bit, though. They managed to get
Speaker 1: her about a thousand dollars a month and some better
Speaker 1: clothes to where in the Muskogee County co Wort oversaw
Speaker 1: her estate a little more carefully, so there were some
Speaker 1: benefits to having all this attention from the media and
Speaker 1: from the l A. C P. People, However, just kept
Speaker 1: trying to get control of her estate during this time.
Speaker 1: Even while she was at Tuskegee, she said to have
Speaker 1: received hundreds of letters from white suitors who wanted to
Speaker 1: marry her when she came of age. She got about
Speaker 1: twenty from Germany, for example, when her story ended up
Speaker 1: in a paper there, and people were just professing their
Speaker 1: love and wanted to get married to her so that
Speaker 1: they could have her fortune. So the people looking out
Speaker 1: for her were understandably concerned by all of these declarations
Speaker 1: of love pouring in. You know, this young girl might
Speaker 1: be led astray. And in fact, the Black press called
Speaker 1: on the National Federation of Women's Clubs to make sure
Speaker 1: that Sarah wasn't quote honeyed with any love affairs by
Speaker 1: fakers and grafters, but that, on the other hand, she
Speaker 1: becomes well educated and encouraged to marry one of her
Speaker 1: own race. Um, so they're worried she's going to be
Speaker 1: taken advantage of even further. And she was lucky that
Speaker 1: she had people to look out for her. She manages
Speaker 1: to dodge these overtures and makes it to age eighteen.
Speaker 1: She's finally of age. He's not a miner anymore, so
Speaker 1: she gets some access to her fortune, and it's unclear
Speaker 1: exactly how much of her A state that she ultimately received.
Speaker 1: A two thousand four article in the Southeast Missouri and
Speaker 1: says that she eventually got three million. However, a Chicago
Speaker 1: Defender piece said that there was really no exact figure available,
Speaker 1: so it kind of fluctuates what you see of what
Speaker 1: she got gets the substantial sum that regardless of what
Speaker 1: the exact figure was. But at nineteen, she bought this
Speaker 1: huge mansion at two thousand East twelveth Street in Kansas City, Missouri. Uh,
Speaker 1: and that's where she settled with her family. They finally
Speaker 1: could move out of the more humbler abodes they had
Speaker 1: been living in, and it seemed like things were finally
Speaker 1: looking up for her. You know, she's getting to use
Speaker 1: this money she's so luckily gotten. Um. But then unfortunately
Speaker 1: Missouri changed its legal majority age from eighteen to twenty one.
Speaker 1: So sorry, Sarah, but you're back to being a miner again.
Speaker 1: So at this point, her white quote friends, and you
Speaker 1: see that written that way a lot of times, referring
Speaker 1: to her friends quote unquote in Oklahoma. Some of these
Speaker 1: folks once again stepped into the picture. They stepped up
Speaker 1: to take advantage of her situation. And specifically a guy
Speaker 1: named Jim Collins petitioned the court for guardianship of Sarah
Speaker 1: and said basically that she wasn't competent enough to manage
Speaker 1: her a state, even though she had attended high school
Speaker 1: and was educated. A judge in a white court however,
Speaker 1: at that point denied his petition after reviewing everything, he
Speaker 1: really felt that she had handled everything well. His exact
Speaker 1: quote was that she has handled the more than seven
Speaker 1: hundred and fifty thousand dollars worth of property she owns
Speaker 1: with such a stuteness. And he also ruled that she
Speaker 1: was mentally sound enough to not need a guardian and
Speaker 1: complimented her intelligence and thrift. So talk about that thrift
Speaker 1: a little here. But um, finally, though, with this judge
Speaker 1: is ruling, Rector was able to control what was rightfully
Speaker 1: hers and um, even though you know the judge's assessment
Speaker 1: wasn't totally on par, at least the thrift part. Yeah,
Speaker 1: we don't know too much about her adult life, but
Speaker 1: what we do know is that she wasn't exactly conservative
Speaker 1: with her fortune. She loved fancy cars and she left
Speaker 1: to drive them really fast. She bought a Limo hutmobile
Speaker 1: and a silver plated Lincoln and silver plated pretty fancy.
Speaker 1: I just want to emphasize that for everybody, Sarah's obsessed
Speaker 1: with the silver plated Lincoln. Everyone. I kind of am obsessed,
Speaker 1: I guess because I'm just wondering. I mean, what do
Speaker 1: you have to do to keep your silver plated car
Speaker 1: looking good? Polish? Yeah, well, if she didn't have to work,
Speaker 1: then she wouldn't have had time on her hands, so
Speaker 1: maybe she got to polish her car a lot. I
Speaker 1: don't know, driving around the block. Regardless, she used to
Speaker 1: surround town a lot in both the Hutmobile and the
Speaker 1: silver plated Lincoln, and this was a time when it
Speaker 1: wasn't at all common for African American women to be
Speaker 1: behind the wheel, so kind of breaking down some boundaries
Speaker 1: right off the bat. She also loved clothes. She apparently
Speaker 1: had a taste for European gowns, and she was also
Speaker 1: a frequent customer of a downtown jeweler, so she liked
Speaker 1: diamonds as well. She liked fancy thing so at twenty,
Speaker 1: she married a guy named Kenneth Campbell, who eventually became
Speaker 1: a partner of a very successful local African American business
Speaker 1: or a businessman named Homer B. Roberts, who interestingly was
Speaker 1: one of her maybe the first African American auto dealer
Speaker 1: in the United States. I'm guessing that Kenneth Campbell kind
Speaker 1: of shared Sarah's love of the silver plated land maybe,
Speaker 1: so maybe that's how she got her car deals and
Speaker 1: she picked him up one day. So Sarah and Kenneth
Speaker 1: they threw lavish parties at their home, entertaining the likes
Speaker 1: of musicians Duke Ellington and Count Basie and boxers like
Speaker 1: Joe Louison Jack Johnson. So definitely different from the other
Speaker 1: millionaires we discussed earlier in the podcast. Madam c. J.
Speaker 1: Walker Walker spent a lot of her money on philanthropy. However,
Speaker 1: some sources do say that in addition to having her
Speaker 1: limo and driver take her three kids to school, Rector
Speaker 1: also had the limo and the chauffeur take some neighborhood
Speaker 1: kids to local elementary school. So a little mix of things.
Speaker 1: And I mean, I can't help but think a little
Speaker 1: of Madam C. J. Walker's daughter too. I think she
Speaker 1: was sort of known more for the the high life,
Speaker 1: hanging out with with fancy people and buying fancy thing
Speaker 1: it was a player in the Harlem Harlem Renaissance, right, definitely.
Speaker 1: So you know they I guess between these two women,
Speaker 1: they're kind of skirting both worlds. Yeah, they both skirted
Speaker 1: both worlds, and they both made a difference in their
Speaker 1: communities kind of in their own way. For example, in
Speaker 1: a book called Take Up the Black Man's Burden, which
Speaker 1: is about Kansas City's African American community and it's by
Speaker 1: Charles E. Coulter, he notes how Rector used her wealth,
Speaker 1: at least in the nineteen twenties to overcome obstacles facing
Speaker 1: other African Americans at the time. So what this means.
Speaker 1: One example of how she did this was by ignoring
Speaker 1: Jim Crow conventions or basically ignoring them in downtown clothing stores,
Speaker 1: she was one of the few and maybe the only
Speaker 1: African American woman who could try on her clothes before
Speaker 1: purchasing them. I think that's pretty amazing. I mean, that
Speaker 1: sounds like a small thing, but that's that could make
Speaker 1: a really big difference in how people in your community
Speaker 1: were perceived. But a lot of sources indicate that Rector
Speaker 1: ended up spending a lot of her estate, and I mean,
Speaker 1: I guess that's not too hard to imagine with all
Speaker 1: of these cars and European clothes and jewels and the
Speaker 1: fancy house. But according to the Southeast Misserin article, that
Speaker 1: was due in large part not to to all this
Speaker 1: fine taste, but to her taste for gambling. Yeah, she
Speaker 1: ended up having to sell her mansion and her husband
Speaker 1: divorced her. According to some sources, she also ended up
Speaker 1: moving back to Oklahoma for a time with her kids
Speaker 1: and passed away eventually in nineteen sixty seven. So, I
Speaker 1: know that seems like we just kind of rushed at
Speaker 1: the end of her life. But as we said, there's
Speaker 1: really no definitive biography out there about her. Um, so
Speaker 1: a lot of the details are pretty fuzzy. Yeah, kind
Speaker 1: of an unglamorous founding end though for a millionaires. Yes,
Speaker 1: But it does seem like her kind of triumph was
Speaker 1: in not really suffering the same fate that the other
Speaker 1: black children during that time in Oklahoma did well and
Speaker 1: becoming a poster child for this problem, to this this
Speaker 1: land problem. Um in helping other kids get their their rights. Yeah,
Speaker 1: and she for a time she got to kind of
Speaker 1: live how she wanted as she wanted, you know, she
Speaker 1: said the where the when, And that's something definitely, so
Speaker 1: there may be a little more research in the works
Speaker 1: about her. The Southeast Missournant article that we reference a
Speaker 1: lot in this story is actually about a woman named
Speaker 1: Jerry Sanders who has done a lot of research on
Speaker 1: Rector's life. And I think she's written a little like
Speaker 1: a chapter in a book about Homer b. Roberts, the
Speaker 1: man that we mentioned before. And I know that there
Speaker 1: are others doing research on her, so hopefully there will
Speaker 1: be some kind of definitive biography, and it would it
Speaker 1: would be great too to hear a little more of
Speaker 1: Sarah Rector's and voice. I mean, I think you were
Speaker 1: mentioning earlier that kind of reminded you of Ellen Craft
Speaker 1: a little bit. You know, it's clearly ellen craft story.
Speaker 1: She's the one in the amazing disguise, She's the one
Speaker 1: trying to keep her identity under wraps, but when we
Speaker 1: read her narrative, we don't get too much of that.
Speaker 1: And I mean I kind of felt the same way
Speaker 1: with this story. Clearly Sarah Rector, she's the central figure,
Speaker 1: but we don't know much about her. Yeah, the only
Speaker 1: direct quote I saw from her was in the Southeast
Speaker 1: Missourian article, and it relates how she would get pulled
Speaker 1: over sometimes for speeding and defiantly say to the officers
Speaker 1: who pulled her over, do you know who I am? Like?
Speaker 1: I like that. I think the pretty I guess if
Speaker 1: you're gonna leave just one quote, one available quote, but
Speaker 1: the good one. Yeah, displays some self confidence that she had,
Speaker 1: and that I mean, I think it kind of says,
Speaker 1: what the stories about? Do you know who I am? Yes,
Speaker 1: people knew who she was, and that was a big
Speaker 1: deal in the nineteen twenties, and now hopefully you guys
Speaker 1: know who she is too. I mean, I had never
Speaker 1: heard of her before. So um, it's it's definitely been
Speaker 1: an interesting story to learn about. Yeah, one that we
Speaker 1: want to learn more about. And not just her story,
Speaker 1: as we said, but the other children who are in
Speaker 1: the same situation as her in Oklahoma during this time period.
Speaker 1: So I think there was another little boy named Danny
Speaker 1: Tucker who also made some money and managed to escape
Speaker 1: being kidnapped or murdered or you know, otherwise separated from
Speaker 1: his fortune. So if you know any stories related to
Speaker 1: this one, um or anything else to add about Kansas
Speaker 1: City in the nineteen twenties. You can write us at
Speaker 1: History podcast at how stuff works dot com. You can
Speaker 1: look us up on Facebook, and we're also on Twitter
Speaker 1: at mr History. Or if you want to learn a
Speaker 1: little bit more about how a million dollars can be made,
Speaker 1: we actually have an article on our website called how
Speaker 1: to make a million dollars and you can look it
Speaker 1: up by visiting our website and typing that into the
Speaker 1: homepage at www dot how stuff works dot com. For
Speaker 1: more on this and thousands of other topics, visit how
Speaker 1: stuff works dot com. To learn more about the podcast,
Speaker 1: click on the podcast icon in the upper right corner
Speaker 1: of our homepage. The how stuff Works iPhone app has
Speaker 1: a ride. Download it today on iTunes.