Speaker 1: Welcome to steph you missed in history class from how
Speaker 1: Stuffworks dot com. Hello, and welcome to the podcast. I'm
Speaker 1: Polly Frying and I'm Tracy V. Wilson, So Tracy. And
Speaker 1: July of last year, we did a two parter about Carrie,
Speaker 1: a nation temperance activists, and I think a lot of
Speaker 1: people enjoyed those. Uh. You know, she's one of those
Speaker 1: interesting figures. Uh. And in her life story, the battle
Speaker 1: over temperance largely became sort of a battle of the sexes,
Speaker 1: at least the way it was being framed by her
Speaker 1: and her associates, which is that women were serving as
Speaker 1: the moral voice of sobriety. H. And that was due
Speaker 1: to a lot of women in the movement having experienced
Speaker 1: abuse or abandonment or other misfortunes due to the drunkenness
Speaker 1: of the men in their lives. But not all women
Speaker 1: were anti alcohol. And today we're going to talk about
Speaker 1: a woman who is often credited as being one of
Speaker 1: the major activists behind prohibitions repeal in the United States.
Speaker 1: We also have to shout out to Amanda for suggesting
Speaker 1: this one, and say hi to Amanda and her mom Lynn,
Speaker 1: because they have corresponded with us a bit uh, and
Speaker 1: it's a good idea. So we're going to talk today
Speaker 1: about Pauline Saban. So. She was born Pauline Morton on
Speaker 1: April seven in Chicago, Illinois. Her parents were Paul and
Speaker 1: Charlotte good Rich Morton, and the family already had a
Speaker 1: really significant legacy before Pauline was even born. Yeah, she
Speaker 1: definitely came from sort of a moneyed, important family. Her grandfather,
Speaker 1: Julius Sterling Morton, had been a senator and eventually was
Speaker 1: elected governor of Nebraska, and he then served under President
Speaker 1: Grover Cleveland as the U s Secretary of Agriculture. So
Speaker 1: if you are a fan of Arbor Day, you can
Speaker 1: thank Pauline's grandfather for that. He founded that day as
Speaker 1: a way to acknowledge the importance of trees, and now
Speaker 1: that day is actually celebrated on his birthday, which is April.
Speaker 1: And her uncle, Joy Morton actually founded the Morton Salt Company,
Speaker 1: which continues today. Pauline's father also served in a number
Speaker 1: of high profile and influential roles, including Secretary of the
Speaker 1: Navy under President Theodore Roosevelt. He also made a living
Speaker 1: as a railroad executive and president of a life insurance company.
Speaker 1: In nineteen o seven, then twenty year old Pauline married j.
Speaker 1: Hopkins Smith Jr. And this was no small affair. Teddy
Speaker 1: and Edith Roosevelt, the philanthropist Andrew and Louise Carnegie, and
Speaker 1: socialite Caroline Schermerhorn asked her, we're all in attendance, so
Speaker 1: this is clearly a very high profile society event. The marriage, however,
Speaker 1: only lasted seven years, but during that time, Pauline and
Speaker 1: her husband had two sons, Paul Morton Smith and Jay
Speaker 1: Hopkins Smith, the third. Pauline did not stay single for
Speaker 1: very long after that marriage was over. She divorced Smith
Speaker 1: in nineteen fourteen and then remarried two years later. This
Speaker 1: time the groom was president of JP Morgan's guarantee Trust company.
Speaker 1: That was Charles Hamilton Saban. That same year that they married,
Speaker 1: they built Baby Land on Long Island, South Fork. That
Speaker 1: sounds to me like a an amusement park. It is not.
Speaker 1: It is not, although if you're into high society and
Speaker 1: beautiful landscaping, it is. It's really kind of a famous home.
Speaker 1: There was a lot written about it. That custom home
Speaker 1: was one of the grandest in the area uh. It
Speaker 1: was built on a two and fifty acre waterfront estate,
Speaker 1: and the architect John Walter Cross and the landscape designer
Speaker 1: Marian Krueger Coffin worked pretty closely together to create what
Speaker 1: turned out to be a spectacular show piece. And they started,
Speaker 1: as we said, in nineteen sixteen, the same year they
Speaker 1: got married. But once it was completed in nineteen nineteen,
Speaker 1: it was really a home that was focused on entertainment,
Speaker 1: and Pauline was known for throwing the very best parties
Speaker 1: and because she moved in very exclusive circles, she often
Speaker 1: entertained politicians as well as captains of industry. A few
Speaker 1: years into her second marriage, Pauline also started to get
Speaker 1: involved in political causes. In nineteen nineteen, she was elected
Speaker 1: to the Suffolk County Republican Committee, but that was just
Speaker 1: the beginning. In nineteen twenty she joined the New York
Speaker 1: State Republican Committee, and in nineteen twenty one she founded
Speaker 1: the Women's National Republican Club. She was president of the
Speaker 1: Women's National Republican Club from nineteen nineteen to nineteen twenty six.
Speaker 1: And this is an important time because it was during
Speaker 1: this tenure that the Nineteenth Amendment, which was passed by
Speaker 1: Congress in June nineteen nineteen and gave women the right
Speaker 1: to vote. Was ratified, and that happened in August eighteenth
Speaker 1: of nineteen twenty. In nineteen twenty four, she became the
Speaker 1: first woman to serve as a representative to the Republican
Speaker 1: National Committee. The Eighteenth Amendment, which prohibited the manufacturer, sale,
Speaker 1: and transportation of alcohol in the United States, was ratified
Speaker 1: on January twenty ninth, nineteen nineteen, and initially Saban was
Speaker 1: actually a prohibition supporter. She felt that her sons would
Speaker 1: benefit from living without the temptations and potential problems of drinking,
Speaker 1: but eventually she turned around on this. She realized that
Speaker 1: all that prohibition had really done was create an underground
Speaker 1: industry of bootleggers, and as someone who often entertained and
Speaker 1: particularly entertained politicians, she grew really, really weary of seeing
Speaker 1: so called dry politicians who spoke out against drinking and
Speaker 1: supported prohibition. But then we're perfectly happy to go to
Speaker 1: her home and want to drink. There. One thing that
Speaker 1: really pushed Pauline Saban over the edge in terms of
Speaker 1: becoming a vocal opponent of prohibition was a woman named
Speaker 1: Ella Bool and this was the leader of the Women's
Speaker 1: Christian Temperance Union, and part of the rhetoric that Boule
Speaker 1: routinely employed when speaking in favor of temperance and prohibition
Speaker 1: was that she spoke for all women. In speaking out
Speaker 1: against the dangers of alcohol, Boule said, quote, women are
Speaker 1: relieved of the fear of a drunken husband. Children no
Speaker 1: longer hide with terror as they see their father reeling home.
Speaker 1: The whole United States is happier because the liquor traffic
Speaker 1: is an outlaw. I think it's important to note that
Speaker 1: when people say things like women blah blah blah, like
Speaker 1: they're not generally literally speaking for every woman on the planet.
Speaker 1: And we all know this. But that's not the only
Speaker 1: thing that she was doing. She she The story goes
Speaker 1: that when appearing before Congress, in Will stated quote, I
Speaker 1: represent the women of America, and Pauline Saban thought to herself, well, lady,
Speaker 1: here is one woman you do not represent. Yeah. That
Speaker 1: story comes up over and over in retellings of Saban's life.
Speaker 1: I think she mentioned it in an interview, and in
Speaker 1: June Saban wrote an article for the publication Outlook titled
Speaker 1: I changed my mind on prohibition. She wrote, quote, I
Speaker 1: was one of the women who favored prohibition when I
Speaker 1: heard it discussed in the abstract, but I am now
Speaker 1: convinced that it has been proved a failure. In a
Speaker 1: later inner of view, she also said quote, I began
Speaker 1: to see that whether my boys drank or not was
Speaker 1: my responsibility and not the governments. In nine, Pauline Saban
Speaker 1: broke with the Republican National Committee despite misgivings over the
Speaker 1: prohibition issue. Pauline remained in the Republican Party through the
Speaker 1: presidential election, and that pitted Californian Republican Herbert Hoover against
Speaker 1: New York Democrat Al Smith. Hoover, who campaign as a
Speaker 1: dry candidate, had stated while campaigning that he would look
Speaker 1: into the prohibition issue, but then once he was in office,
Speaker 1: it was not the priority that that Pauline that Pauline
Speaker 1: Saban had hoped that it would be for the new president.
Speaker 1: In Hoover's inaugural address, given on March fourth, ninety nine,
Speaker 1: he spoke to uphold the law of the land by
Speaker 1: adhering to the Eighteenth Amendment. He said, quote, no greater
Speaker 1: national service can be given by men and women of
Speaker 1: goodwill who I know are not unmindful of the responsibilities
Speaker 1: of citizenship, then they should, by their example, assist in
Speaker 1: stamping out crime and outlawry by refusing participation in and
Speaker 1: condemning all transactions with illegal liquor. So, instead of investigating prohibition,
Speaker 1: he appointed George W. Wickersham to study criminal justice in America.
Speaker 1: This is a careful step around actually having to deal
Speaker 1: with prohibition, precipitated by political favor that he owed to
Speaker 1: the various dry senators. But the move led directly to
Speaker 1: Pauline Saban resigning from the Republican National Committee to form
Speaker 1: her own group. And we're going to talk about that
Speaker 1: group in just a moment, but first we will have
Speaker 1: a word from one of our BAB sponsors. After Saban
Speaker 1: left the Republican National Committee, she then founded the Women's
Speaker 1: Organization for National Prohibition Reform or w o NPR, and
Speaker 1: that group was focused entirely on repealing prohibition. And if
Speaker 1: someone less connected had made this move, it might have
Speaker 1: fallen flat. But because of Pauline's savvy about political relationships
Speaker 1: and her vast network of friends in very high places,
Speaker 1: the prohibition reform movement really gained some traction under her stewardship,
Speaker 1: and part of the success of her efforts was that,
Speaker 1: even though she was from high society, she wanted the
Speaker 1: organization to represent women from every walk of life. These
Speaker 1: are women that felt, as she did, that elible and
Speaker 1: the Women's Christian Temperance Union didn't speak for them, and
Speaker 1: this is a smart move. Temperance advocates often used language
Speaker 1: that cast the working class and immigrants as part of
Speaker 1: the problem, but the w n p R welcomed all
Speaker 1: women and united a lot of women who normally wouldn't
Speaker 1: agree on very much politically. Yes, since this was their
Speaker 1: only talking point, there was not really much to cause
Speaker 1: any strife within the organization because there were women from
Speaker 1: both sides of the political spectrum and everywhere between. That thought,
Speaker 1: prohibition is really not working out how we thought. And
Speaker 1: it did start initially though, with women much like Pauline herself,
Speaker 1: who were wealthy white socialites. But once the w o
Speaker 1: NPR was officially launched under a one women strong advisory Council,
Speaker 1: the effort was made to reach out to that broader
Speaker 1: range of women. Their argument for repeal of the Eighteenth
Speaker 1: Amendment was centered around morality while those who had campaigned
Speaker 1: for prohibition did so under the rhetoric that alcohol was
Speaker 1: withering the moral fiber of the country. Salmon's organization argued
Speaker 1: that prohibition was essentially doing the exact same thing by
Speaker 1: making hypocrites of everyone. Additionally, they recognized the danger of
Speaker 1: unregulated liquor that was being consumed during prohibition, but they
Speaker 1: never spoke out against temperance specifically, they merely made the
Speaker 1: case the alcohol's illegality had just made it all the
Speaker 1: more alluring. Yeah, that was to me. It seems like
Speaker 1: a very uh, savvy and careful move to go. No,
Speaker 1: it's fine if you think that people should never touch alcohol,
Speaker 1: but this law is making a problem, and the law
Speaker 1: was definitely made up making a problem we should make.
Speaker 1: There was a lot of crime and lawlessness and bootlegging
Speaker 1: and people dying from tainted illegal liquor. It was a yeah,
Speaker 1: there's no secret about how you know that whole entire
Speaker 1: secondary kind of underbelly culture that grew up around it
Speaker 1: had so many problems. And she references a little bit
Speaker 1: later in a moment that we're gonna talk about, but basically, uh,
Speaker 1: the the w O NPR felt that governmental regulation of
Speaker 1: behavior in this matter was problematic rather than beneficial. And additionally,
Speaker 1: all of that personal hypocrisy was to the minds of
Speaker 1: those who turned against prohibition, eroding the stature of the
Speaker 1: Constitution and the law of the land every time the
Speaker 1: ban on alcohol was publicly supported and then privately ignored.
Speaker 1: To make their case and convince the public, the women
Speaker 1: of the Women's Organization for National Prohibition Reform worked like
Speaker 1: any campaign. After all, Saban and other wealthy women involved
Speaker 1: in the organization had also helped all kinds of political
Speaker 1: campaigns before focusing on the repeal of prohibition, and because
Speaker 1: of the wealthy members of the organization, funding for these
Speaker 1: campaign efforts continued well after the stock market crash of
Speaker 1: nine when a lot of other social organizations just did
Speaker 1: not have any more money. Yes, since this was kind
Speaker 1: of a special interest group privately funded by people that
Speaker 1: had a lot of money, and it wasn't all tied
Speaker 1: up in just the stock market, they kind of sailed
Speaker 1: through pretty unscathed, and within the first year of its existence,
Speaker 1: the New York chapter of the group was fifty thousand
Speaker 1: members strong, and it's snowballed from there. There were marches, speeches,
Speaker 1: and rallies. A huge motorcade was organized by members Christina
Speaker 1: Holmes and Mabel Chael that started at Fifth Avenue and
Speaker 1: nine Street and then traveled through Manhattan. According to the
Speaker 1: book Women and Repeal, which was written in nineteen thirty
Speaker 1: four by Grace C. Root, one of the motorcade participants
Speaker 1: described it this way quote. Gaily decorated motor cars, varying
Speaker 1: in design from open roadsters to elaborate limousines, all bearing
Speaker 1: repeal banners and heralded by state troopers on motorcycles, swept
Speaker 1: through the main streets. Loudspeakers amplified the addresses of the
Speaker 1: various speakers, while our pioneer organizer, Mrs Adria Locke Langley
Speaker 1: kept up a constant valley hue the street crowds. The
Speaker 1: crowds from the factories and after theater audiences found the
Speaker 1: appeals convincing, and an ever increasing numbers signed our w
Speaker 1: O NPR membership cards. As with any hot button issue, though,
Speaker 1: there were detractors and criticisms of w O nprs work,
Speaker 1: and sometimes these actually came from fellow supporters of prohibition repeal.
Speaker 1: Frank R. Kent of the Baltimore Sun wrote an article
Speaker 1: for Scrubner's magazine in the late summer of ninety two
Speaker 1: that criticized the w O NPR and specifically Mrs Sabin.
Speaker 1: He pointed out that she had supported Hoover even though
Speaker 1: he was a dry candidate, and that her leadership of
Speaker 1: the organization had been inconsistent. He wrote, quote, after she
Speaker 1: had exhorted her adoring followers at many she luncheons and
Speaker 1: tease to put repeal above everything else. This flaming angel
Speaker 1: of the wet cause voted for the dry Hoover and
Speaker 1: against the wet Smiths. He went on to describe what
Speaker 1: would seem to the readers who have been something of
Speaker 1: an exodus from w O NPR by frustrated members. And
Speaker 1: here's how he wrote about that quote. Then one morning
Speaker 1: there appeared a list of some sixty members of the
Speaker 1: organization who said that both parties now stand for repeal,
Speaker 1: that they objected to their organization being made a partisan agency,
Speaker 1: that in these critical times to make the position of
Speaker 1: a candidate on control of the liquor traffic the sole
Speaker 1: test of his fitness for the presidency was very bad. Indeed,
Speaker 1: hence they advocated each individual voting for the man she
Speaker 1: considers the best qualified to lead the nation. In the
Speaker 1: names on this list were just as socially important as
Speaker 1: Mrs Saban, some of them more so, which was the
Speaker 1: reason for the split. So long as all the socially
Speaker 1: prominent ladies strung together, such as the nature of the
Speaker 1: human female that pursued by the not so socially prominent
Speaker 1: was pretty much assured. But when they divided, so did
Speaker 1: the others, and the sad spectacle was presented of a
Speaker 1: nullifying rupture in this women's organization which had done so
Speaker 1: much to force both parties to abandon prohibition. That article
Speaker 1: made Pauline Saban real man um and she was this
Speaker 1: really interesting figure in that she was very I don't
Speaker 1: know if demure is the right word, but she was
Speaker 1: very well spoken. She carried herself with grace, She followed
Speaker 1: all of the rules of being, you know, a society woman.
Speaker 1: But she also did not back down from moments like
Speaker 1: these when people she felt were unfairly and completely falsely
Speaker 1: criticizing her organization. So we're going to talk about her
Speaker 1: response to Mr Kent's article when we come back from
Speaker 1: a little sponsor break. So before the break, we said
Speaker 1: that Pauline Saban responded to Frank R. Kent and his
Speaker 1: article that the w O NPR was experiencing this huge
Speaker 1: fissure in its membership. She wrote him a lengthy letter.
Speaker 1: She told him that she didn't even found the organization
Speaker 1: until May nine, so her support of hoover In couldn't
Speaker 1: have offended its members as he suggested, and she plainly
Speaker 1: stated that the women of the organization decided by a
Speaker 1: vote that they quote, would support only those candidates for
Speaker 1: public office who favored the repeal of the eighteenth Amendment.
Speaker 1: She went on to dismantle his claims point by point,
Speaker 1: including giving him details on how their membership did experience
Speaker 1: a small dip, but that it was not an indicator
Speaker 1: of the health of the organization, stating, quote in regards
Speaker 1: to wheels of indignant protests were heard as a result
Speaker 1: of our action, I want you to know the truth.
Speaker 1: That is, we have had less than one and fifty
Speaker 1: resignations since we took that action, and that our membership
Speaker 1: has grown from one million, fifteen thousand to one million
Speaker 1: nineties six thousand since that meeting, an increase of over
Speaker 1: eighty thousand. Her closing paragraph reads as follows, we are
Speaker 1: really trying to do our best. And I'm sorry that
Speaker 1: you feel so ornery about us, aren't you? With us?
Speaker 1: As Seneca's pilot apostrophizing Neptune in the midst of a storm,
Speaker 1: I can say, oh, Neptune, you may sink me if
Speaker 1: you will. You may save me if you will, But
Speaker 1: I have held my rudder true. This sparked it back
Speaker 1: and forth of correspondence between Saban and Kent about the
Speaker 1: best way to achieve repeal, and Pauline Saban was polite,
Speaker 1: but she never backed down and told Kent that she
Speaker 1: looked forward to the pleasant surprise he would get when
Speaker 1: repeal was ratified by what we're considered to be quote,
Speaker 1: hopelessly dry states. And she was right in that their
Speaker 1: membership was just growing and growing, because before long there
Speaker 1: were more than one point five million women in the
Speaker 1: Women's Organization for National Prohibition Reform. In nineteen thirty, she
Speaker 1: appeared before the House Judiciary Committee to speak on the
Speaker 1: matter and said, quote, in pre prohibition days, mothers had
Speaker 1: little to fear in regards in regard to the saloon
Speaker 1: as far as their children were concerned. A saloon keeper's
Speaker 1: license was revoked if he were caught selling liquor to minors.
Speaker 1: Today and any speakeasy in the United States, you can
Speaker 1: find boys and girls in their teens drinking liquor. And
Speaker 1: this situation has become so acute that mothers of the
Speaker 1: country feel something must be done to protect their children.
Speaker 1: And continuing her high profile advocacy, on July eighteenth, nineteen
Speaker 1: thirty two, Pauline Sabin was on the cover of Time magazine.
Speaker 1: The article within was titled a Woman Crusader for the
Speaker 1: Wet Cause, and a drawing of Mrs Saban that was
Speaker 1: done to illustrate the article is an out in the
Speaker 1: National Portraits Gallery collection. She appeared in other publications throughout
Speaker 1: the country after her time cover, and in one she
Speaker 1: posed the moral quandary and raising children under prohibition quote,
Speaker 1: settlement workers tell us that drunkenness has increased, not decreased.
Speaker 1: That's what the settlement workers say, not the professional drives
Speaker 1: the increase of drunkenness. As a parent, particularly among the young.
Speaker 1: The young see the law broken at home and upon
Speaker 1: the street. Can we expect them to be lawful? And
Speaker 1: she really did convince a lot of people with her
Speaker 1: her discussion of this and how morally messed up. The
Speaker 1: whole situation had become and then we get to ninety three,
Speaker 1: which was incredibly busy for Pauline Sabin. That year she
Speaker 1: co chaired Fearello LaGuardia's campaign for Mayor of New York
Speaker 1: and LaGuardia did win, and more importantly, per Apps, that
Speaker 1: year the w O NPRS mission was achieved. The twenty
Speaker 1: first Amendment was introduced, passed, and was ratified in December,
Speaker 1: and the text of that amendment reads Section one, the
Speaker 1: eighteenth Article of Amendment to the Constitution of the United
Speaker 1: States is hereby repealed. Section to the transportation or importation
Speaker 1: into any State, territory, or possession of the United States,
Speaker 1: for delivery or use therein of intoxicating liquors in violation
Speaker 1: of the laws thereof is hereby prohibited. Section three. This
Speaker 1: Article shall be inoperative unless it shall have been ratified
Speaker 1: as an amendment to the Constitution by conventions in the
Speaker 1: several States, as provided by the Constitution, within seven years
Speaker 1: from the date of the submission here off to the
Speaker 1: States by the Congress. The Women's Organization for National Prohibition
Speaker 1: Reform immediately disbanded, their work was done and Saban didn't
Speaker 1: want the organization to drag on looking for some other focus. Yeah,
Speaker 1: there had been other groups that she had seen, activism
Speaker 1: groups that had kind of had that problem where it's like, oh,
Speaker 1: we have all these people mobilize, been ready to take
Speaker 1: action on on our goals, and maybe we should keep
Speaker 1: that together. And she's like, Nope, never works. But nineteen
Speaker 1: thirty three was also, unfortunately a year of loss because
Speaker 1: Pauline Saban's husband, Charles died once again. She did not
Speaker 1: remain single for particularly long. She married Dwight F. Davis
Speaker 1: in nineteen thirty six. She also campaigned for LaGuardia's reelection
Speaker 1: that year, and like a lot of the men that
Speaker 1: she had grown up with, Davis had an impressive list
Speaker 1: of positions that he had served. From nineteen twenty five
Speaker 1: to nineteen twenty nine, he had served as Secretary of
Speaker 1: War under Calvin Coolidge. Immediately after that, he was the
Speaker 1: Governor General of the Philippines, and that was a position
Speaker 1: that he held until nineteen thirty two. In nineteen forty,
Speaker 1: Pauline became the National director of the Volunteer Forces to
Speaker 1: the American Red Cross, and that organization while she was
Speaker 1: serving as a national director actually used her massive estate
Speaker 1: that we talked about in Long eye Land for storage
Speaker 1: of some of their supplies. In ninety two, her husband
Speaker 1: was Director General of the Army Specialist Corps and this
Speaker 1: necessitated a move from Long Island to Washington, d C.
Speaker 1: Before that time, the couple had lived on the baby
Speaker 1: Land estate, but they left it to settle in the
Speaker 1: nation's capital, and Pauline remained active. She became a decorating
Speaker 1: consultant for the White House during the Truman administration. But
Speaker 1: a few years after the move, in November of nine,
Speaker 1: Pauline's third husband, Dwight, died, and Pauline didn't move back
Speaker 1: to Long Island. She decided to stay in Washington, d C.
Speaker 1: After that. Yeah, this seemed to surprise some people because
Speaker 1: Bayberry Land had really been built to her specifications. It
Speaker 1: was basically her dream home. She loved it deeply, and
Speaker 1: so I think a lot of people expected her when
Speaker 1: Dwight passed away, to just move back there, but she
Speaker 1: did not. Uh. Instead, she sold a plantation that she
Speaker 1: owned through family holdings in South Carolina for thirty five
Speaker 1: thousand dollars and even actually she actually sold baby Land
Speaker 1: for one two d fifty dollars and those property sales
Speaker 1: were what funded her retirement. Pauline Saban died on December.
Speaker 1: She was buried in Southampton next to her second husband,
Speaker 1: Charles Saban. That's always one of those things that I
Speaker 1: think many people wonder about, like what happens when you've
Speaker 1: been married multiple times when you pass, like which spouse
Speaker 1: are you buried with? And clearly she loved baby Land
Speaker 1: and Long Island so much. I have no idea what
Speaker 1: her her thinking was in terms of which husband, but
Speaker 1: I think it had a lot to do with the
Speaker 1: place as well. In that case, I might may have
Speaker 1: just been where she had the plot exactly exactly. Uh.
Speaker 1: I just wanted to acknowledge that sometimes those are complicated
Speaker 1: decisions and you can't always assume anything based on where
Speaker 1: someone uh decides that their remains should end up interred.
Speaker 1: And it seems like the best way to really wrap
Speaker 1: up Pauline Saban's life and acknowledge her impact would be
Speaker 1: through the words of one of her closest colleagues at
Speaker 1: the w O n p R and at the organization's
Speaker 1: fourth national Convention, the first Vice Chairman, Mrs Nichols, said
Speaker 1: the following words about Pauline Saban quote. Without your vision,
Speaker 1: Madam Chairman, this organization would not alone have perished. It
Speaker 1: would never have come into being. Without your wisdom and
Speaker 1: your guiding hand, it would never have grown to maturity,
Speaker 1: and without your courage and your fixity of purpose, it
Speaker 1: would never have sailed a charted course where the seas
Speaker 1: were stormy or reached port. At last, we believe that
Speaker 1: the historians of the future will rightly appraise the contribution
Speaker 1: which this organization has made to the cause of good government.
Speaker 1: With that, we are not concerned for the moment. But
Speaker 1: if the historian be a wise one and seeks an
Speaker 1: explanation for the phenomenal upheaval which has taken place in
Speaker 1: public opinion within a short time, he will find that
Speaker 1: the answer lay in the dynamic, radiant and above all
Speaker 1: loving person melody of Pauline Sabin. You have some listener mail.
Speaker 1: I do also. I hope everybody gets somebody to say
Speaker 1: something great like that about them in their lives, because
Speaker 1: that's a good speech. Um, this is a cute little
Speaker 1: card that we got in the mail from our listener Amy,
Speaker 1: and it just delighted me. So I wanted to read it,
Speaker 1: She says, Holly and Tracy, I just had to let
Speaker 1: you know that when current news of politics seems so depressing,
Speaker 1: I turned to your show. Even terrible mine accidents, awful poets,
Speaker 1: and awful race riots seem bearable in the past. On
Speaker 1: a happier note, I'm not writing to correct your pronunciation.
Speaker 1: I just want to send my appreciations. That's all it is.
Speaker 1: But it's so sweet. It's like the best concise, lovely card.
Speaker 1: And so thank you, thank you, Amy, because that was lovely. Uh.
Speaker 1: If you would like to write to us, you can
Speaker 1: do so at our email address, which is History Podcast
Speaker 1: at how stuffworks dot com. You can also find us
Speaker 1: across the spectrum of social media as missed History, and
Speaker 1: you can visit our website, which is missed in history
Speaker 1: dot com, and there you'll find show notes for any
Speaker 1: episodes that Tracy and I have worked on, as well
Speaker 1: as a complete archive of every episode of the show. Ever,
Speaker 1: so we encourage you come and visit us at missed
Speaker 1: in history dot com. For more on this and thousands
Speaker 1: of other topics, visit how staff works dot com.