Speaker 1: Hey, this is Antie and Samantha and welcome to stuff
Speaker 1: I've never told you a protection of I Heart Radio.
Speaker 1: Today we are on part two of our overview of
Speaker 1: Women and Organizing, So go listen to part one if
Speaker 1: you if you haven't already, we covered all kinds of
Speaker 1: things from suffragettes to the modern civil rights movement. UM,
Speaker 1: so definitely check that out prior to listening to this one.
Speaker 1: And for this one, which UM, we're going to cover
Speaker 1: some big events that women have helped plan and protested
Speaker 1: it in and specific women just like we did in
Speaker 1: part one. We're going to start with the woman March
Speaker 1: in Pretoria. So on August nine, over twenty women in
Speaker 1: Praetoria protested a proposed amendment to the Urban Areas Act
Speaker 1: which would have required black women to carry passes in
Speaker 1: urban areas UM. And a pass was essentially a passport
Speaker 1: that strengthened apartheide in part by severely restricting where you
Speaker 1: could go and where you couldn't go, and what you
Speaker 1: could do and what you couldn't do jobs you could have,
Speaker 1: things like that. And this was not the first attempt
Speaker 1: to buy the government to implement passes, nor was this
Speaker 1: the first time people and particularly women engaged in civil
Speaker 1: disobedience to make their own opposition known. Um. And as
Speaker 1: we said in the previous one, just a disclaimer, there's
Speaker 1: so much leading up to the things we're talking about. UM.
Speaker 1: Like we're talking about one specific event, but there's so
Speaker 1: many things tied into that event that made it happen,
Speaker 1: so many forces at work. UM. So just always keep
Speaker 1: that in mind. We are kind of doing the highlights
Speaker 1: of these events. But like we said in the part one,
Speaker 1: we could talk about all these for entire episodes. And
Speaker 1: if he want us to let us know, yes, But anyway, okay, Yes,
Speaker 1: there had been all these protests in in South Africa.
Speaker 1: Many women who participated were jailed. All of it culminated
Speaker 1: in the Women's March in ninety six. A song was
Speaker 1: written to mark the event that went in part stretched him,
Speaker 1: you have tampered with the women, You have struck a
Speaker 1: rock and stretched him was the Prime Minister at the time.
Speaker 1: I apologize if I mispronouncing his name. Could not find
Speaker 1: it anywhere, uh, but I'm trying my best. The Prime
Speaker 1: Minister wasn't there to see the protests. That was on purpose.
Speaker 1: He didn't want to didn't want to be involved. Um.
Speaker 1: So protesters left a massive stack of signed petitions UM,
Speaker 1: thousands of them at his door, which he never looked at. UM.
Speaker 1: And they closed out the protest with a thirty minute
Speaker 1: moment of silence. August nine is now a national holiday
Speaker 1: in South Africa Women's Day, and a monument commemorating the
Speaker 1: event was erected in two thousand uh and it was
Speaker 1: recreated in two thousand and six for the fiftieth anniversary. Right,
Speaker 1: um and as we record this, it's June, which is
Speaker 1: Pride month and something we owe to the Stone Wall Riots.
Speaker 1: And I know we've been I've been seeing it more
Speaker 1: and more on social media talking about the significance of
Speaker 1: the Stone Wall Riots, especially in pertaining to the protests
Speaker 1: and marches today. Stewing unrest in altercations between the police
Speaker 1: and the lgbt Q plus community eventually culminated in a
Speaker 1: police rate of the Stone Wall in, which was a
Speaker 1: gay bar in Greenwich Village on June nineteen sixty nine.
Speaker 1: This was the catalyst for numerous protests across the country,
Speaker 1: protests that took place every year. Records recounting this time
Speaker 1: from the lgbt Key perspective are unfortunately sparse, and in
Speaker 1: part because of the time, going on the record as
Speaker 1: an LGBTQ person was really dangerous. So this major historical
Speaker 1: event is quite murky at best. Even people who were
Speaker 1: there still argue about what happened and who through the
Speaker 1: first brick, et cetera. And I think that's kind of
Speaker 1: the beginning of any type of unrust. You never really
Speaker 1: know the full story, right, Yeah, Yeah, So this was
Speaker 1: just that's a good disclaimer to put with this one, because, uh,
Speaker 1: it is sort of almost mythical and it's retelling and
Speaker 1: it's importance, and perhaps because of that, uh, there is
Speaker 1: a lot of argument about what really happened, UM, which
Speaker 1: is just good to keep in mind, right, And I
Speaker 1: think we could put that on our first uh episode,
Speaker 1: part one of this topic. We kind of said that
Speaker 1: with Lucy Parsons and they Haymarket riots or Haymarket protests
Speaker 1: as well. It's kind of that same thing as and
Speaker 1: it's even further ago. One really knows exactly what happened
Speaker 1: um and some of the first American LGBTQ plus groups
Speaker 1: formed across the country in the fifties. The following decades
Speaker 1: saw an increasing awareness around the movement, and a movement
Speaker 1: that intersected with several cultural moments, black power, Second Way feminism,
Speaker 1: and anti war protests. But we do know at this
Speaker 1: time people in the LGBTQ community were labeled as medically
Speaker 1: in saying, sexually deviant, predatory and frequently evil by the media,
Speaker 1: and religiously immoral and unemployable, which you know what, that's
Speaker 1: still kind of happening today. Um, it was not uncommon
Speaker 1: for gay bars or other places of gathering to be
Speaker 1: rated by the police, which actually there wasn't a rate
Speaker 1: a few years ago here in Atlanta at the gay
Speaker 1: bar as well, so that is something to know. Um.
Speaker 1: There was a public confrontation in nineteen fifty nine at
Speaker 1: l A's Cooper Donuts, and in nineteen sixty five in
Speaker 1: San Francisco at a front raiser for the Council and
Speaker 1: Religion and the Homosexual That was also the year activists
Speaker 1: in Philadelphia started picketing in protests of the treatment of
Speaker 1: the l g bt Q plus community over July fourth
Speaker 1: at Independence Hall over in New York in response to
Speaker 1: the routine practice of the New York State Liquor Authority
Speaker 1: of provoking the liquor license of bars that served gay
Speaker 1: and lesbian patreons. Gay men protested with sippens uh the
Speaker 1: alcohol version of sit ins in nineteen sixty six. The
Speaker 1: same year in San Francisco, there was a riot at
Speaker 1: Compton's Cafeteria, and then a year later, in nineteen sixty seven,
Speaker 1: the police rated l a gay bar, the Black Cat Tavern,
Speaker 1: which also sparred a series of demonstrations. And this is
Speaker 1: the same year Mafia member fat Tony Laria opened Stone
Speaker 1: Wall in a quote private gay bar. It was one
Speaker 1: of the largest gay clubs in the community and it
Speaker 1: boasted a place to dance, which was rare at the time.
Speaker 1: It hosted a lot of runaway gay youth who have
Speaker 1: been rejected by their families and institutions. However, they did
Speaker 1: not have a liquor license. The authorities claimed it was
Speaker 1: a legal to serve in disorderly situations and they classified
Speaker 1: a place that allowed lgbtq US patrons as disorderly. Um
Speaker 1: owners with the gay bars frequently bribed officials to keep
Speaker 1: their doors open, and wealthy patrons who wanted to keep
Speaker 1: their sexuality a secret and for warnings before the raids
Speaker 1: were set to take place so that night at the
Speaker 1: Stone Wall in the owner had already bribed the police,
Speaker 1: but to undercover officers showed up anyway. Because the patrol
Speaker 1: cars for transporting people who were arrested were late, the
Speaker 1: crowd of patrons and by standards grew, reaching a boiling
Speaker 1: point that led to violence. By some accounts, a lesbian
Speaker 1: patron by the name of stormmate the larvae through the
Speaker 1: first punch um Again lots of conflicting stories there. The
Speaker 1: police retreated inside the bar, where they took cover for
Speaker 1: forty five minutes. It wasn't until a fire truck and
Speaker 1: riot squad showed up that the crowd was quelled. What
Speaker 1: followed was a six day confrontation between patrons and police,
Speaker 1: often with items and fist being thrown. The worst it
Speaker 1: took place on the first and last day, when several
Speaker 1: storefronts in the area were looted. Depending on the night,
Speaker 1: there was anywhere from five hundred to two thousand protesters.
Speaker 1: Over the course of the six days, there were thirteen
Speaker 1: arrests and one indirect death, Although accounts of that conflict
Speaker 1: as well Black trans woman Marsha P. Johnson and Latina
Speaker 1: trans woman Sylvia Rivera frequently are credited with leading the
Speaker 1: American LGBTQ plus liberation movement UM and soon after the
Speaker 1: Stonewall riots started, Johnson and Rivera were on the scene.
Speaker 1: They were the first two trans women in the world.
Speaker 1: New York claims to have statues erected in their honor
Speaker 1: and Greenwich Village Uh we definitely could and should do
Speaker 1: a whole episode on them. And note the word transgender
Speaker 1: wasn't widely used at the time. Um Marsha P. Johnson
Speaker 1: was a self identified at drag queen who used to
Speaker 1: say the piece stood for pay it No Mind, which
Speaker 1: was the answer she often gave when asked about gender.
Speaker 1: She was an activist for many causes from transgender rights homelessness.
Speaker 1: She was a vocal advocate for people with HIV, AIDS, prisoners,
Speaker 1: and sex workers. Rivera also self identified as a drag
Speaker 1: queen and later she identified as transgender that she expressed
Speaker 1: a dislike of labels. Rivera also participated in a lot
Speaker 1: of causes UM racial, criminal and economic justice on top
Speaker 1: of gay rights. Um and while gay men and lesbians
Speaker 1: at this time could pass as straight, people like Johnson
Speaker 1: and Rivera did not have that luxury. Um or perhaps
Speaker 1: they were simply unwilling. What really set Stone Wall ifiert
Speaker 1: was the determination of organizers to commemorate the event each year,
Speaker 1: getting permits for parades that were widely covered in the media.
Speaker 1: Thousands attended the first Pride March in New York, or
Speaker 1: as it was called then Christopher Street Liberation Day, that
Speaker 1: took place one year after the Stonewall Riots. Hundreds of
Speaker 1: new lgbt Q plus organizations were founded in in the
Speaker 1: wake of the Stonewall Riots, including the Gay Liberation Front
Speaker 1: that went on to partner with the Black Panthers, the
Speaker 1: Gay Activist Alliance, and the Lavender Menace, a right in
Speaker 1: President Bill Clinton named the month of June quote gay
Speaker 1: and Lesbian Pride Month. President Obama named Stonewall Inn, which
Speaker 1: has changed hands and named several times, and Christopher Park
Speaker 1: on the opposite side of the street as Stonewall National Monument.
Speaker 1: It is currently the only historical lgbt Q plus monument
Speaker 1: in the United States, and as we've been saying throughout this,
Speaker 1: we still have a lot of work to do. This
Speaker 1: current administration has particularly been in targeting trans rights, although
Speaker 1: we did get some good news recently with the Supreme
Speaker 1: Court decision UM, and we have celebrities like j K
Speaker 1: Rolling tweeting out hurtful and transphobic comments. So yeah, still
Speaker 1: a lot of work to do. UM. And even before
Speaker 1: recent events, when it comes to our current protests are
Speaker 1: staying around quality and police brutality. There was argument about
Speaker 1: whether police should be allowed to have a presence at Pride,
Speaker 1: and a similar argument around whether or not corporations should
Speaker 1: have a part at Pride, which is sort of a
Speaker 1: theme we see in a lot of the things that
Speaker 1: we're talking about. UM. So we have we have even
Speaker 1: more things that we want to discuss, but first we
Speaker 1: have a quick break for a word from our sponsor,
Speaker 1: and we're back, Thank you sponsor, and we're back with
Speaker 1: the Women's Stress for Equality. In nineteen seventy, a protest
Speaker 1: of fifty thousand women marched down Fifth Avenue in New
Speaker 1: York for women's equality and as a show of the
Speaker 1: new way feminism at the time, what we would consider
Speaker 1: the second way feminism. The protests was originally intended as
Speaker 1: a women's strike or national work stoppage, and was the
Speaker 1: brainchild of the author of the Feminist Mistake, Betty Freedan.
Speaker 1: This was the largest March for women since the suffrage
Speaker 1: movement fifty years earlier, and the demonstrations were nationwide, with
Speaker 1: women all across the country participating. They had a purpose
Speaker 1: for the new wave feminism and as one article said,
Speaker 1: they quote agreed on a set of three specific goals
Speaker 1: which reflected the overall spirit of second wave feminism. Free
Speaker 1: abortion on demand, equal opportunity and employment and education and
Speaker 1: the establishment of twenty four seven child care centers. Two
Speaker 1: years later after these demonstrations, Title nine passed which out
Speaker 1: awed discrimination on the basis of sex and educational programs
Speaker 1: that received federal financial assistance. And of course Vie Rade
Speaker 1: came three years later. So we also wanted to talk
Speaker 1: about the Women's March of Peace in nineteen seventies six,
Speaker 1: which actually happened in Northern Ireland during the Troubles are
Speaker 1: also known as the Northern Ireland Conflict. After a British
Speaker 1: soldiers sought the driver of an Irish Republican Army getaway
Speaker 1: car in Anderson Town, which is a section of Belfast,
Speaker 1: which led to the death of three children after being
Speaker 1: struck by the car. The children's aunt, Betty Williams, began
Speaker 1: to go around the neighborhood to have people signed a
Speaker 1: petition for piece of that conflict um, which eventually Williams
Speaker 1: turned into a protest which started with two women and
Speaker 1: soon after Myrid Corrigan, who lived in that neighborhood, soon
Speaker 1: joined the march and helped with the cause and helped
Speaker 1: lead this movement. The following week the march actually grew
Speaker 1: to have over ten thousand people, and then the week
Speaker 1: after that it grew to twenty thousand and because of
Speaker 1: their movement, Corrigan and Williams were awarded the Nobel Peace
Speaker 1: Prize the following year for their leadership. It was reported
Speaker 1: in an article that the balland does had gone down
Speaker 1: due to the marches and the protests. Something else we
Speaker 1: wanted to talk about that we have talked about before
Speaker 1: on this show is the e r A. In ninety six,
Speaker 1: the National Organization of Women Organize a March for the
Speaker 1: Equal Rights Amendment now as they were known, brought sixteen
Speaker 1: thousand people to march for the ratification of the r
Speaker 1: A in Springfield, Illinois. Next year, another march happened in
Speaker 1: d C. But this time they also coordinated a run
Speaker 1: to raise money and raised over one point seven million
Speaker 1: dollars for ratification. The next year, they had one hundred
Speaker 1: thousand people marching in d C for the extension to
Speaker 1: ratify the r A. And after winning that extension, they
Speaker 1: had another one the following year in Chicago called the
Speaker 1: Mother's Day March for the e r A. And yes,
Speaker 1: this is something we still are talking about to this day, right, um,
Speaker 1: obviously that we still need to push forward, right Um,
Speaker 1: So let's talk about the Women's March for a second.
Speaker 1: So a lot of people were upset and angry and worried.
Speaker 1: I think that is an understatement. After the two thousand
Speaker 1: and sixteen US election of Donald Trump, women were particularly
Speaker 1: outraged after a campaign full of sexism and stories of
Speaker 1: sexual assault, and all of that anger coalesced into the
Speaker 1: Women's March on January seventeen, two thousand seventeen. What started
Speaker 1: as a Facebook post put together by Teresa Shook and
Speaker 1: Bob Land turned into an alliance of marches that took
Speaker 1: place across the country, drawing and estimated three to six
Speaker 1: million marchers around the world, making it the largest single
Speaker 1: day march in history. A sea of I know, you're
Speaker 1: so excited, of Princess Leah Science and pink hats could
Speaker 1: be seen. Oh yes, oh yes. And while the march
Speaker 1: has drawn a lot of criticism for being very white
Speaker 1: and very white centered, the leaders were mostly white and
Speaker 1: the original name Million Women's March was reminiscent of the
Speaker 1: Million Women's March, which is a protest of mostly black
Speaker 1: women against the white dominated feminist movement that was also
Speaker 1: a response to the Million Man's March. UM. There are
Speaker 1: also critiques about the Women's March UM in terms of mismanagement,
Speaker 1: lack of organization, anti semitism, and leadership um, but it
Speaker 1: was at least a part of the movement that spurned
Speaker 1: a lot of women to run for office, to organize,
Speaker 1: to campaign, to form their own groups. That also introduced
Speaker 1: a lot of women to the idea of intersectional feminism. Again,
Speaker 1: Black women have been doing a lot of this forever,
Speaker 1: and we're rightfully annoyed by a lot of what was
Speaker 1: going on here, but it did We did get some
Speaker 1: positive things from this march, and it takes place every
Speaker 1: year every January and Washington, d C. And as sister
Speaker 1: protests around the world to draws around five thousand to
Speaker 1: ten thousand protesters. You can check out their website to
Speaker 1: see what initiatives and causes they're currently supporting. As of
Speaker 1: right now, they're focusing on defunding the police and COVID
Speaker 1: nineteen and the impact that has on women in marginalized communities.
Speaker 1: But we're still not done. We're still not done with
Speaker 1: all of the things we could talk about. But first
Speaker 1: we're going to fause for one worker, break for word
Speaker 1: from our sponsor, and we're back, Thank you sponsor. And
Speaker 1: we wanted to talk about the Women's March for change right,
Speaker 1: so keeping all the theme with women's marches, Yes. In
Speaker 1: twenty nineteen, an estimated number between three point five million
Speaker 1: to five million Indian women lined up on National Highway
Speaker 1: six six in the southern Indian state of Kerala. They
Speaker 1: called this wall Vanita Mathil or the Women's Wall, and
Speaker 1: it's stretched three d and eighty five miles. Corilla is
Speaker 1: about the size of Switzerland and has a population of
Speaker 1: about thirty five million. The wall was organized by the
Speaker 1: Left Democratic Front and was funded by several independent women's
Speaker 1: organization and was planned to bring awareness of gender equality,
Speaker 1: more specifically to protest a religious band that prevented women
Speaker 1: of menstruating age from entering one of the country's sacred
Speaker 1: Hindu temples, even after the Supreme Court rule that they could.
Speaker 1: The event was advertised through the media and by word
Speaker 1: of mouth. Women were transported to different points along their
Speaker 1: roads from outside the city. It was reported to be
Speaker 1: the biggest gathering for gender equality in India. At one point,
Speaker 1: they all joined hands and took a pledge for equality
Speaker 1: and they remained that way for fifteen minutes. The protests
Speaker 1: and protesters were matched with a lot of opposition from
Speaker 1: the right winged groups, with strikes and even mobs and
Speaker 1: violent counter protest. But even during this time, a woman
Speaker 1: entered the temple as was her constitutional right and as
Speaker 1: a show of what they were fighting for. And though
Speaker 1: the fight for equality is newer and ongoing, as one
Speaker 1: participant said in an interview, social change doesn't happen in
Speaker 1: a day. It needs time. But with these small steps,
Speaker 1: we've made it easier for the next generation to embrace it.
Speaker 1: In this way, the Wall of Women marks a new
Speaker 1: dawn for feminism in India uh and still going on
Speaker 1: track with feminism and specifically intersexual feminism. The Me Too
Speaker 1: movement was created in two thousand six, but Toronto barks
Speaker 1: specifically for Black women and girls, and women of color
Speaker 1: and low wealth communities who have survived sexual assault or
Speaker 1: a be used to find ways of healing. As stated
Speaker 1: on their site quote, our vision for the beginning was
Speaker 1: to address both the dearth and resources for survivors of
Speaker 1: sexual violence and to build a community of advocates driven
Speaker 1: by survivors who will be at the forefront of creating
Speaker 1: solutions to interrupt sexual violence in their communities. The movement
Speaker 1: got to be so popular that the hashtag became a
Speaker 1: symbol of community as well as a way of destigmatizing
Speaker 1: survivors and their experiences. It also became a movement about accountability.
Speaker 1: Because of all of this, perpetrators like Harvey Weinstein were
Speaker 1: held accountable for their actions and their abuses and the
Speaker 1: course of controversy within these movements. Much like others, is
Speaker 1: the problem of it being hijacked and accredited to white women,
Speaker 1: specifically here in celebrities. But Nomadic creator Toronto has made
Speaker 1: this movement more than just a mere hashtag in social media.
Speaker 1: She has been able to create a platform for survivors
Speaker 1: to build communities, support groups, and even curriculums to help
Speaker 1: hill so many who thought they were alone. Yeah and uh,
Speaker 1: we can see the mark this is left on our society.
Speaker 1: Just if you think of like hashtag me too in
Speaker 1: the gaming industry, hashtag me too in ballet like just
Speaker 1: it's become sort of a shorthand for talking about these
Speaker 1: issues that for so long we had ignored on a
Speaker 1: large societal level. Um, it's just instantly recognizable. We know
Speaker 1: what that means to say, and it's international. Um, something
Speaker 1: else we want to talk about is Black Lives Matter.
Speaker 1: Black Lives Matter was created in two thirteen by Alicia Garza,
Speaker 1: Patrice Colors, and opal To Metty after the acquittal of
Speaker 1: George Zimmerman for the murder of Trayvon Martin. The hashtag
Speaker 1: was utilized as a platform to organize and bring groups
Speaker 1: together to discuss ways to push anti racism change in
Speaker 1: communities across the country and beyond the hashtag. There are
Speaker 1: now forty chapters in the country to help organize within
Speaker 1: local communities. As the site states quote, black Lives Matter
Speaker 1: is an ideological and political intervention in a world where
Speaker 1: black lives are systemically and intentionally targeted for demise. It
Speaker 1: is an affirmation of black folks humanity are a contributed
Speaker 1: sans to the society and a resilience in the face
Speaker 1: of deadly oppression. The movement continues to push in working
Speaker 1: to weed out corrupt public officials, continues to fight police brutality,
Speaker 1: and work to change policies in the federal government, and
Speaker 1: as hashtag, black Lives Matter was an overall social media
Speaker 1: movement that opened up platforms for people to organize all
Speaker 1: around the world, so the hashtags say her name came
Speaker 1: as a secondary due to the many women and those
Speaker 1: identify as them were also dying at the hands of
Speaker 1: police brutality, neglect, or vigilanteism, as victims such as Cendral
Speaker 1: Bland and more recently Brianna Taylor still have not gotten
Speaker 1: any justice or seemingly as much attention as the death
Speaker 1: of s Smell Black men, and also with that black
Speaker 1: chans Lives Matter, which has more recently been used as
Speaker 1: the death of Tony McDade at Dominique Fells and Ria
Speaker 1: Milton were less spoken of or acknowledged in the attention
Speaker 1: of the whole Black Lives Matter movement, But as recently
Speaker 1: as Sunday, June fourteen, over fifteen thousand people came together
Speaker 1: for the Brooklyn Liberation March to bring attention to the
Speaker 1: deaths of people in the black trans community and rallying
Speaker 1: to show that they deserve justice and that black lives matter,
Speaker 1: Black trans lives matter, and Black women's lives matter. So
Speaker 1: there you go. This is a very small, condensed version
Speaker 1: of what can happen when women organize. We wanted to
Speaker 1: do something to showcase the share power of women and
Speaker 1: those who identify as female when it comes to organizing, protesting, educating,
Speaker 1: and leading movements. The protests are continuing today, and yes
Speaker 1: it can get messy and even tiresome, but we have
Speaker 1: to remember what this is about and why it's so important,
Speaker 1: especially for those who considered themselves as allies, to show up,
Speaker 1: to listen and refuse to ignore the injustices that is
Speaker 1: happening in and around our community. Yeah, yep, um, And
Speaker 1: as we were court this, it is still June and
Speaker 1: it is still Pride Month. And with that, we want
Speaker 1: to go ahead and let you know that our next
Speaker 1: book club selection is Unapologetic, a Black Queer and Feminist
Speaker 1: Mandate for Radical Movements by Charlene A. Carruthers. So go
Speaker 1: ahead and pick that up, um. If you don't have it,
Speaker 1: check out local bookstores. If that doesn't work, you can
Speaker 1: get it on your e reader whatever you call it.
Speaker 1: I feel like a reader. I don't know what exactly
Speaker 1: kindles and all then, so I was trying not to
Speaker 1: say kindle specifically because I don't want to advertise Amazon.
Speaker 1: So I was like digital digital media does, UM, but yeah,
Speaker 1: it's pretty easy to get it however you would like
Speaker 1: to and let us all keep learning together, UM, and
Speaker 1: we would love as always to hear for um you
Speaker 1: listeners about what we should talk about next, and you
Speaker 1: can contact us in several ways. One of them is
Speaker 1: email the electronic message and you can send those to
Speaker 1: Stuff Media mom Stuff at iHeart media dot com. You
Speaker 1: can also find us on Twitter at mom Stuff podcast
Speaker 1: or on Instagram at Stuff I've Never Told You. Thanks
Speaker 1: as always to a super producer Andrew Howard. Thanks and
Speaker 1: thanks to you for listening Stuff I've Never Told You.
Speaker 1: Protection of I Heart Radio for more podcast from I
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