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Speaker 1: A phrase you'll here thrown around often at Portland protests
Speaker 1: is diversity of tactics. It's a civil revolt organizing principle
Speaker 1: that dates back to at least around the nineteen sixties
Speaker 1: and was popularized by people like Malcolm X. Diversity of
Speaker 1: tactics emphasizes making periodic use of force for defensive or
Speaker 1: disruptive purposes, stepping beyond the limits of non violence, but
Speaker 1: also stopping short of militarization. It's about promoting solidarity between
Speaker 1: those who practice peaceful protests and those who are more militant,
Speaker 1: as Malcolm X put it are people have made the
Speaker 1: mistake of confusing the methods with the objectives. As long
Speaker 1: as we agree on objectives, we should never fall out
Speaker 1: with each other just because we believe in different methods
Speaker 1: or tactics or strategy to reach a common goal. Taking
Speaker 1: their cues from Malcolm X, younger and more militant black
Speaker 1: liberation activists increasingly supported this approach, with Gloria Richardson of
Speaker 1: the Student Non Violent Coordinating Committee declaring in nineteen sixty
Speaker 1: four that the federal government would only be compared to
Speaker 1: intervene on behalf of integration only when matters approach the
Speaker 1: level of insurrection. While support for a diversity of tactics
Speaker 1: was foundational to struggles throughout the later half of the
Speaker 1: twentieth century, the phrase itself was popularized by the protests
Speaker 1: against the Republican National Convention and Saint Paul Minnesota. In
Speaker 1: two thousand eight, a broad coalition of labor, anti war,
Speaker 1: anti globalization, liberal and leftist groups drafted the Saint Paul Principles,
Speaker 1: which read as follows. Number one, our solidarity will be
Speaker 1: based on respect for a diversity of tactics and the
Speaker 1: plans of other groups. Number two the actions and tactics
Speaker 1: used will be organized to maintain a separation of time
Speaker 1: or space. Number three, any debates or criticisms will stay
Speaker 1: internal to the movement, avoiding any public or media denunciations
Speaker 1: of fellow activists and events. And number four, we oppose
Speaker 1: any state repression of dissent, including surveillance, infiltration, disruption, and violence.
Speaker 1: We agree not to assist law enforcement actions against activists
Speaker 1: and others. The principles were a rough compromise, the common
Speaker 1: ground that most of the ten thousand protesters who gathered
Speaker 1: in the Twin Cities to face down heavily militarized police
Speaker 1: could agree to. Twelve years later, spurred on by the
Speaker 1: murder of George Floyd in Minneapolis, the national Uprising of
Speaker 1: would grapple with those same debates over acceptable and useful tactics.
Speaker 1: They would find no easy answers. Here's Garrison in Portland.
Speaker 1: There has been even further distinction between peaceful protests i
Speaker 1: long preplanned marches with speeches and no property damage, and
Speaker 1: non violent protests where people aren't physically harmed but protesters
Speaker 1: do engage in property destruction for various reasons. It's often
Speaker 1: said when these different types of protests can happen simultaneously,
Speaker 1: both a big more liberal one and a smaller radical one.
Speaker 1: That's when you can get the most reforms. As the
Speaker 1: Wirelith explains here, Note the audio is re dubbed. I
Speaker 1: do think that's important, Like if if we have to
Speaker 1: work inside the system and are not able to outright
Speaker 1: destroy it, that is definitely an important aspect because it
Speaker 1: gives it basically gives the people in charge. In this case,
Speaker 1: we'll say Ted Wheeler, there are two options. You can
Speaker 1: go with in his mind, the violent rioters wanting to
Speaker 1: destroy everything, or you can go with the with the
Speaker 1: peaceful ones. He's left with two options, and he's always
Speaker 1: going to take like the peaceful liberal marches. And at
Speaker 1: the end of the day, it's not nothing because they're
Speaker 1: still out there demanding school resource officers out of schools,
Speaker 1: the gang Task Force gone, and so it basically makes
Speaker 1: them choose. And I guess if we're working in the system,
Speaker 1: any progress is good. Despite police and the media's insistence
Speaker 1: vandalism and violence are not the same thing. But there
Speaker 1: still is a public perception that anarchists, protesters and rioters
Speaker 1: are quote destroying the city unquote Tristan notes how violence
Speaker 1: and vandalism are misconstruted and exaggerated in press coverage. I
Speaker 1: think the kind of the most damaging thing or like
Speaker 1: the worst kind of counter um like narrative is masically
Speaker 1: basically just around the like vandalism that goes on and
Speaker 1: like ah, really kind of blowing that out of proportion
Speaker 1: and and and trying to act like that is going
Speaker 1: to uh like you know, like it's distracted, Like there's
Speaker 1: this you know, narrative going around that that's like distracting
Speaker 1: from the real purpose of the movement. That it's you know,
Speaker 1: like white anarchists like trying to take the the attention
Speaker 1: away from like black folks, and that's usually being pushed
Speaker 1: like really conservative black people, and like you know the
Speaker 1: kind of people who they have a lot of influence with.
Speaker 1: You know, they'll see like mainstream like in the b
Speaker 1: sep here in Portland, who has always been tight with
Speaker 1: the mayor's office, really pushing that narrative hard, and lots
Speaker 1: of other folks you know, coming up to back them up.
Speaker 1: At So I guess one thing that I've also seen
Speaker 1: is that there's this conflation of like you know, they'll
Speaker 1: say like downtown is deserted because of these protests, because
Speaker 1: all the violence, but downtown is deserted because of the
Speaker 1: pandemic and also despite the plague and a record number
Speaker 1: of businesses shutting down due to COVID, Downtown Portland is
Speaker 1: unfortunately quite active at the moment. It is in fact
Speaker 1: not destroyed nor taking enough appropriate COVID precautions, you know.
Speaker 1: And that's not like that's like the most disingenuous thing
Speaker 1: you could possibly saying. It's so it seems so patently
Speaker 1: obvious that it's like, you know, like a red herring,
Speaker 1: but then people are still like buying into it and
Speaker 1: to a certain degreer, like echoing that sentiment. And it's
Speaker 1: just this is not the case. And it's like and
Speaker 1: there's also this like desire for for them to like
Speaker 1: they kind of say that it's all white anarchists, but
Speaker 1: there's no way that for you to prove that because
Speaker 1: most of the people who are doing this share all
Speaker 1: blocked up. And it's like, so there's also this like
Speaker 1: kind of subtext that they what they really want for
Speaker 1: these people, they want to know who these people are,
Speaker 1: you know, partially to like like you know, gratify themselves
Speaker 1: are trying to be right, but also just so the
Speaker 1: fucking cops from now them. You know, it's like it's
Speaker 1: like undercurrent of like respectability. Like if you know they
Speaker 1: really cared, they would like show their faces or something
Speaker 1: like that, Like I don't know. The vast majority of
Speaker 1: Portland protesters do not partake in any political violence or
Speaker 1: even vandalism, even at the riots that end in destruction
Speaker 1: and violence. At almost every one of these protests, physical
Speaker 1: violence is started and further escalated by law enforcement. Entire
Speaker 1: crowds get punished for the actions of a few individuals.
Speaker 1: The more rare alternative to this is quote unquote targeted arrests, that,
Speaker 1: despite its name, are often not actually targeted at specific
Speaker 1: individuals and instead just end up targeting people wearing black
Speaker 1: clothes and those that don't run away fast enough from
Speaker 1: riot cops. The people arrested in these targeted arrests often
Speaker 1: get charged with a mix of small misdemeanors and sometimes
Speaker 1: egregious felonies, most of which end up getting dropped due
Speaker 1: to lack of evidence. When the arrests are specifically targeted,
Speaker 1: it's usually for such quote unquote crimes as standing and
Speaker 1: protesting on the driveway of the ICE building at one am.
Speaker 1: The validity of property destruction has faced a lot of
Speaker 1: criticism from Pundan's politicians and even many protesters. For the
Speaker 1: summer of twenty there was actually very little property destruction
Speaker 1: save for the first riot night, as people were mostly
Speaker 1: trying to repeat the occupy the areas around boarded up
Speaker 1: police buildings. But as the summer turned into fall and
Speaker 1: tactics evolved, alongside the smaller crowd sizes, broken windows became
Speaker 1: more common. Critics say that it is not strategic because
Speaker 1: it does not help grow the movement, gain public support,
Speaker 1: or by itself be enough pressure for instituting change. That
Speaker 1: much is arguably true, but that assumes those were the
Speaker 1: goals of the action in the first place, which is
Speaker 1: usually not true. In a recent interview, local political consultant
Speaker 1: and former activist Gregory McKelvey said this about the purpose
Speaker 1: of vandalism such as breaking windows. Quote, Honestly, I think
Speaker 1: in some cases the goal has been explicitly revenge for
Speaker 1: night after night of tear gas beatings, disparate policing and
Speaker 1: PPBS protection of the ice detention centers. However, again, we
Speaker 1: must put ourselves in the minds as someone who probably
Speaker 1: rightfully believes the world is ending or at a minimum
Speaker 1: is on the brink of being unrecognizable with incredible amounts
Speaker 1: of death, pain, and climate chaos. If the world is ending,
Speaker 1: some people are going to act like it. It's amazing
Speaker 1: to me that liberal Democrats really do believe that we
Speaker 1: are on the brink of something like armageddon and then
Speaker 1: are shocked that some people behave like it. What did
Speaker 1: you picture armageddon to look like? Public testimony unquote Vandalism
Speaker 1: like graffitia, breaking windows also serves as a demanding of
Speaker 1: attention while also symbolizing a direct attack on racism, class divides, capitalism,
Speaker 1: or this datus quo itself. For years, people have tried
Speaker 1: just asking nicely. Over the summer here in Portland, there
Speaker 1: were thousands of people peacefully demanding a fifty million dollar
Speaker 1: budget cut from p PBS two hundred and forty five
Speaker 1: million dollar budget to then reinvesting community services. The minus
Speaker 1: fifty million would bring the police budget down closer to
Speaker 1: their twenty sixteen budget of only a hundred and ninety million.
Speaker 1: Other demands include wholly abolishing and replacing the Portland Police
Speaker 1: Bureau dropping all charges for civil rights protesters, and that
Speaker 1: Mayor Ted Wheeler resigned with none of those demands meant,
Speaker 1: and politicians all but ignoring the peaceful demonstrations. People are angry,
Speaker 1: so windows get broken, and this seems to be the
Speaker 1: only thing that gets attention anymore and keeps the dialogue
Speaker 1: about police violence active. Here's Tristan again. Yeah, I mean
Speaker 1: that's like I said, like, I definitely feel like that
Speaker 1: kind of like vandalism should be engaged with, and like, uh,
Speaker 1: let's say a productive kind of way. It's I don't
Speaker 1: necessarily think it's wrong, but if it if you can't see, yeah,
Speaker 1: I don't know. This is this is hard to part
Speaker 1: because I mean, it's totally valid to be able to
Speaker 1: speak mad to smash it. And I guess in terms
Speaker 1: of like small businesses, um, I mean, well I guess, okay,
Speaker 1: So one way that it's if I think fully justified,
Speaker 1: even if it is like a small business, if they're
Speaker 1: like cop friendly, if they're like cop adjacent, and like
Speaker 1: if they got like a Blue Lives Matter fied the
Speaker 1: window like gloves off, I don't give a ship. But
Speaker 1: you know, if it's just like a random business like
Speaker 1: probably don't you know, Because I mean, the cops are
Speaker 1: gonna they're gonna come at you anyway, you know, whether
Speaker 1: you like break a window or like, you know, burn
Speaker 1: a cop car. Right, they're gonna arrest you, and they
Speaker 1: can probably arrest you even if you don't do that.
Speaker 1: And so it's really just a matter of like, which
Speaker 1: of those who acts is actually going to like materially
Speaker 1: deprived the police of their ability to commit further harm.
Speaker 1: Here's another quote from Gregory in his recent interview at
Speaker 1: the willam ad Week. Quote for generations like mine and
Speaker 1: the one after. Gregory is in his late twenties. By
Speaker 1: the way, we have been told our entire lives that
Speaker 1: the world is about to end if nothing is done immediately,
Speaker 1: and that all of the evils of our world climate, chaos, racism,
Speaker 1: the ills of capitalism, and more are all inexplicably linked.
Speaker 1: In my mind and in the minds of protesters, these
Speaker 1: things are objectively true. So if a young person is
Speaker 1: told the world is ending and then told to sign
Speaker 1: up to testify or go vote, that does not meet
Speaker 1: the urgency of the moment. Destruction is a natural reaction
Speaker 1: to feeling desperate, helpless, and an imminent doom. The solution
Speaker 1: to all this would involve actually addressing the legitimate issues
Speaker 1: that are killing us all with the urgency that's necessary.
Speaker 1: The politicians who are acting like everything is fine as
Speaker 1: the world literally burns, or say they care about these
Speaker 1: issues but don't actually do anything to fundamentally to fix them,
Speaker 1: are only making the problems worse and people's desperation worse.
Speaker 1: And then when both liberals and conservatives alike make more
Speaker 1: of a fuss about a broken Starbucks window than the
Speaker 1: literally hundreds of people beaten and gassed in the streets
Speaker 1: by the cops afterwards, that only further proves the protesters point.
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Speaker 1: It would be remiss to talk about tactics without mentioning
Speaker 1: the influence Hong Kong's protests have had on the Portland
Speaker 1: Uprising and BLM protests in general. The militant protests in
Speaker 1: Hong Kong sent shock waves across the world months before
Speaker 1: the COVID pandemic. Hong Kong protesters used tennis, rackets and
Speaker 1: umbrellas to deflect police projectiles, and traffic cones and water
Speaker 1: bottles to contain and diffuse tear gas grenades. All of
Speaker 1: these tactics were adapted at various points throughout the Portland protests.
Speaker 1: At a PPB press conference back in July, the Deputy
Speaker 1: Chief featured an infographic describing the different rules protesters took
Speaker 1: up in the Hong Kong uprising. PPB also tweeted out
Speaker 1: the graphs, saying, quote, we have seen all of this
Speaker 1: at demonstrations in Portland. Unquote knowingly or unknowingly, the PVB
Speaker 1: had aligned themselves with the Hong Kong police and their
Speaker 1: crackdown on the Hong Kong protests, arguably the most widely
Speaker 1: accepted and praise protest movement of the last decade prior
Speaker 1: to the George Floyd protests. Here's Deputy Chief Chris Davis
Speaker 1: introducing the graphic at his July eight press conference. So
Speaker 1: now I want to talk just a little bit about
Speaker 1: some of the in in broader terms, some of the
Speaker 1: tactics that we're saying. We'll make this available as a
Speaker 1: pdf for you. This is not sacred information here. This
Speaker 1: we got this off the internet. Um, this picture popped
Speaker 1: up a lot on social media and on the internet
Speaker 1: right as events began. I'm not sure exactly what the
Speaker 1: origin of this as we're still working on trying to
Speaker 1: figure this out. But this is not our diagram. We
Speaker 1: got this off of off of the internet. The graphic
Speaker 1: that he showed was originally based on the Hong Kong
Speaker 1: protests and designed to assist protesters. It outlines the anatomy
Speaker 1: of a typical protest, laying out the different protest rules
Speaker 1: that people can take on to achieve their goals. It's
Speaker 1: important to note that one person doesn't need to be
Speaker 1: stuck with a single purpose for one day. The rules
Speaker 1: people take up and the actions they do can be
Speaker 1: semi fluid. The graphic gave each of these rules kind
Speaker 1: of silly names and well designed based on a different struggle.
Speaker 1: Each of these rules was represented in some form in Portland.
Speaker 1: First our support rules that people can do from home
Speaker 1: if they are unable to attend in person. These include
Speaker 1: graphic designers who make posters, banners, and infographics, and people
Speaker 1: who work online comms. Listening to police scanners and signal
Speaker 1: boosting information about police activity and location from on the
Speaker 1: ground sources and then distributing the information via apps like Telegram,
Speaker 1: Signal and Twitter. Moving on to at the actual protest
Speaker 1: in the back. Barricaders people who build barricades out of
Speaker 1: usually found objects. In Portland, we've seen these have two
Speaker 1: main purposes. One to help prevent vehicular attacks on the
Speaker 1: crowd and too quickly erect obstacles as police are chasing
Speaker 1: the crowd to hopefully slow the police down. Up next,
Speaker 1: medics and people who help with tear gas or pepper
Speaker 1: spray exposure. Medics all have different skill ranges, and in
Speaker 1: Portland have had to deal with minor medical issues like
Speaker 1: tear gas, but also broken bones, head trauma, seizures, and
Speaker 1: gunshot wounds. They often stay towards the back of a
Speaker 1: protest to both have a safe place for treatment and
Speaker 1: in cases where an ambiliance has to be called. In
Speaker 1: closer to the middle, we have people that were playfully
Speaker 1: referred to in the Hong Kong graphic as fire squads
Speaker 1: and range soldiers. Fire squads are protesters who use water
Speaker 1: and traffic cones to suppress and extinguished tear gas canisters.
Speaker 1: Portland police even began collecting and confiscating city traffic cones
Speaker 1: so that they wouldn't be used this way. Another anti
Speaker 1: tear gas measure we've seen is simply heat resistant gloves
Speaker 1: used to chuck tear gas back at cops or away
Speaker 1: from crowds. Hockey sticks and lacrosse sticks have also been
Speaker 1: used to relocate tear gas canisters. During the Fed War,
Speaker 1: this group also came to include people with leafblowers who
Speaker 1: did a really good job at keeping gas at bay.
Speaker 1: Range soldiers are protesters who throw water bottles, paint balloons,
Speaker 1: and other random trash to help inhibit police from advancing
Speaker 1: beside them. Are light mages and fire mages. Light mages
Speaker 1: use lasers and flashlights to obstruct surveillance cameras, drones and
Speaker 1: stop police from being able to aim and identify protesters.
Speaker 1: While effective when used in the large numbers seen in
Speaker 1: the Hong Kong protests, isolated lasers did very little to
Speaker 1: obscure cameras or disrupt police surveillance, although the FEDS and
Speaker 1: PPB officers did report some ice strain due to the
Speaker 1: laser targeting. Portland police have even described being quote unquote
Speaker 1: struck with objects including lasers. For example, here in this
Speaker 1: audio courtesy of local street reporter Jasper Florence, objects motts, borders,
Speaker 1: and lasers. These objects are hard and traveling at high
Speaker 1: rates of speed. With these strike officers inter believed to
Speaker 1: be coming abrupt shots. Fire majes are protesters who are
Speaker 1: prepared to set fires. Often these are two barricades and dumpsters.
Speaker 1: Although Portland's months of protests saw extensive use of fireworks
Speaker 1: and at least four molotov cocktails, half of which actually
Speaker 1: hit fellow protesters, Thankfully, no one was permanently injured by
Speaker 1: molotov's in Portland. During now closer to the front peaceful
Speaker 1: protesters who make up the bulk of any march action
Speaker 1: and could also include people who don't want to fight
Speaker 1: but join hand in hand with the front liners and
Speaker 1: conserveist human shields. During the fight with the federal forces,
Speaker 1: thousands of Portlanders made up of the peaceful crowds, while
Speaker 1: the Wall of Moms acted as a front line, often
Speaker 1: protecting people who were throwing tear gas canisters back at
Speaker 1: the Feds. Another role showcased on the graphic is what's
Speaker 1: referred to as a flag bearer. Their job is to
Speaker 1: signal and warn when riot police are approaching. In Hong
Speaker 1: Kong this was done via flags and signs, and in
Speaker 1: Portland this was done by someone with a sports whistle. Then,
Speaker 1: of course we have front liners people up at the front,
Speaker 1: some ready to take various direct action and others with
Speaker 1: umbrellas to guard against projectiles and cameras. And then at
Speaker 1: the very front, shield soldiers or shield bearers with shields
Speaker 1: made out of foam would or sometimes umbrellas. In July,
Speaker 1: Portland's got pretty famous for its shield wall. But like
Speaker 1: everything else, needs to be a tactic that's carefully applied
Speaker 1: under certain conditions, or it can actually be a hindrance.
Speaker 1: In theory, shield walls serve two main purposes. To deflect
Speaker 1: against projectiles and offer a first line of defense from
Speaker 1: charging enemies or people attacking with batons. Shields are effective
Speaker 1: at stop immunition fire, but when facing bullrushes, shields are
Speaker 1: grabbed by police and used to gain leverage on protesters,
Speaker 1: to push them onto the ground or destabilize them so
Speaker 1: they can be attacked and arrested. One element of a
Speaker 1: truly effective shield wall, whether you're advancing or simply holding
Speaker 1: your ground is people behind the shield wall throwing projectiles,
Speaker 1: because often merely a shield wall alone isn't enough to
Speaker 1: deter people, which is why when law enforcement brings out
Speaker 1: their shields, they also have people behind them shooting grenades
Speaker 1: to your gas at pepper balls. Another advantage of the
Speaker 1: shield wall projectile combo is that shields can be used
Speaker 1: to visually obstruct the police from seeing who is throwing objects,
Speaker 1: making them targeted arrests more difficult. But you better be
Speaker 1: confident in your throat or you might hit your friends,
Speaker 1: although even having a shield in the first play makes
Speaker 1: you more of a target for arrests. And if you
Speaker 1: touch an officer with your shield, let's say, by an
Speaker 1: officer charging directly at you at full speed, you can
Speaker 1: get charged with assaulting a police officer. Probably the most
Speaker 1: effective shield wall we've seen in Portland was not used
Speaker 1: against the PPB or the Feds, but the Proud Boys
Speaker 1: and other street fascists. On August two, all these different
Speaker 1: elements came together in a rare instance, a strong, tight,
Speaker 1: interlocking network of shields with support from behind enough to
Speaker 1: stop incoming attackers and folks behind the wall throwing rocks,
Speaker 1: water bottles, and fireworks altogether, it was enough to break
Speaker 1: the far rights more disorganized and individualistic shield wall. And also,
Speaker 1: of course, the Proud Boys don't have arresting powers, so
Speaker 1: people are more free to push back with their shields.
Speaker 1: Other consideration for shields depend on what your objective is
Speaker 1: and what tactics do you use to achieve that objective.
Speaker 1: In the fall, as crowds thinned and protests began to
Speaker 1: move faster, the large, bulky shields were largely abandoned. I
Speaker 1: some protesters in favor of umbrellas. Shields can be heavy
Speaker 1: and awkward to move with. Plus there's getting the shield
Speaker 1: to the action, carrying it around, and then figuring out
Speaker 1: what you want to do with it afterwards. These are
Speaker 1: all added considerations, particularly if you want to leave a
Speaker 1: protest more covertly. As great as it may be to
Speaker 1: have a wooden, foam or plastic shield in the moment
Speaker 1: as you're deflecting grenades or pushing off someone, it may
Speaker 1: not be worth all those extra tradeoffs, especially if an
Speaker 1: umbrella can suffice in your immunitions shielding needs. Umbrellas are
Speaker 1: more of a multi use tool that can adapt to
Speaker 1: different situations and even be concealable, especially collapsible ones. While
Speaker 1: not as sturdy as a shield, umbrellas are generally less
Speaker 1: suspicious than huge wooden shield. A reinforced banner can also
Speaker 1: provide some protection from munitions while also sending out a message. However,
Speaker 1: some places have legal restrictions on what banners can be
Speaker 1: made of. Throughout the summer, nightly actions focused on direct
Speaker 1: confrontation with police, often returning to repeatedly confront the same
Speaker 1: riot line. By August, while protest tactics remained largely unchanged,
Speaker 1: the Portland police tactics began to change. PPB alternated between
Speaker 1: Knights of brutal bull rushes and physical violence with only
Speaker 1: few arrests, and other knights where they conducted mass arrests
Speaker 1: of entire crowds. They're not how do you by fall,
Speaker 1: Smaller crowd sizes and less frequent actions required protesters to
Speaker 1: change up tactics as well. Repeated direct confrontation with riot
Speaker 1: lines was in many ways a habit picked up from
Speaker 1: the days of mass mobilization at the fence, and such
Speaker 1: confrontations took arrests for granted. Protesters were being treated as disposable.
Speaker 1: When Portland had been the focus of national news. Facing
Speaker 1: down police lines reliably generated front page coverage of police brutality,
Speaker 1: but by early fall Portland was no longer the focus
Speaker 1: of attention, and over time the shock and awe of
Speaker 1: footage showcasing police brutality wears off, even as people keep
Speaker 1: getting hurt. By October, nighttime actions began to involve smaller
Speaker 1: crowds of people on black Block, smashing the windows of banks,
Speaker 1: real estate firms, and Starbucks coffee shops and then attempting
Speaker 1: to vanish into the night. These actions raised familiar objections
Speaker 1: from the more moderate sectors of the movement and fit
Speaker 1: the right wing narrative of the destructive antifa boogeyman. But
Speaker 1: as we touched on earlier, these actions were not to
Speaker 1: gain good optics, but instead to vent frustration that the
Speaker 1: previous demands for change had not been met and to
Speaker 1: create an economic cost for the city in maintaining the
Speaker 1: status quo. These marches echoed the black block snake marches
Speaker 1: of the nineties anti globalization movement, and to a lesser extent,
Speaker 1: the b water mantra of the Hong Kong protests, though
Speaker 1: in Hong Kong, crowds routinely targeted civil infrastructure. This shift
Speaker 1: in tactics resulted in less arrests on average. The smaller
Speaker 1: crowd size made the diverse rules the larger demonstrations impossible,
Speaker 1: and the prevalence of vandalism meant that those who were
Speaker 1: arrested could face some harsher charges. Portland Mayor Ted Wheeler
Speaker 1: has admitted to the difficulty of combating such attack and
Speaker 1: disappear actions, saying, quote, they pop up wearing black from
Speaker 1: head to toe, They go down streets relatively quickly, then
Speaker 1: they disappear into the wind. Those tactics have evolved to
Speaker 1: a degree where we now find the law enforcement tools
Speaker 1: we have in place are dated. We pro I'm Ev Rodsky,
Speaker 1: author of the New York Times bestseller fair Play and
Speaker 1: Find Your Unicorn Space, activists on the gender division of labor,
Speaker 1: attorney and family mediator. And I'm Dr Addina Rucar, a
Speaker 1: Harvard physician and medical correspondent with an expertise and the
Speaker 1: science of stress, resilience, mental health, and burnout. We're so
Speaker 1: excited to share our podcast Time Out, a production of
Speaker 1: I Heart Podcasts and Hello Sunshine. We're uncovering why society
Speaker 1: makes it so hard for women to treat their time
Speaker 1: with the value it deserves. So take this time out
Speaker 1: with us. Listen to Time Out a fair Play podcast
Speaker 1: on the I Heart Radio app, Apple Podcasts, or wherever
Speaker 1: you get your podcasts. Hello, and welcome to our show.
Speaker 1: I'm Zoia de Chanelle and I'm so excited to be
Speaker 1: joined by my friends and cast meetes Hannah Simone and
Speaker 1: Lamore and Morris to recap our hit television series New Girl.
Speaker 1: Join us every one day on the Welcome to Our
Speaker 1: Show podcast, where we'll share behind the scenes stories of
Speaker 1: your favorite New Girl episodes, reveal the truth behind the
Speaker 1: legendary game True American, and discuss how this show got
Speaker 1: made with the writer's, guest stars, and directors who made
Speaker 1: the show so special. Fans have been begging us to
Speaker 1: do a New Girl recap for years, and we finally
Speaker 1: made a podcast where we answer all your burning questions
Speaker 1: like is there really a bear in every episode of
Speaker 1: New Girl. Plus each week you'll hear hilarious stories like
Speaker 1: this at the end when he says you got some
Speaker 1: schmid on your face. I feel like I pitched that joke.
Speaker 1: I believe that I feel like I did. I'm not
Speaker 1: on a thousand percent. I want to say that was
Speaker 1: I tossed that one out. Listen to the Welcome to
Speaker 1: Our Show podcast on the I Heart Radio app, Apple
Speaker 1: podcast or wherever you get your podcasts. Executive producer Paris
Speaker 1: Hilton brings back the hit podcast How Men Think. And
Speaker 1: that's good news for anyone that is confused by men,
Speaker 1: which is basically everyone get an in side look at
Speaker 1: what goes on in the mind of men from the
Speaker 1: men themselves. It's real talk, straight from the source. How
Speaker 1: Men Think podcast is exactly what we need to figure
Speaker 1: them out. It's going to be fun and formative and
Speaker 1: probably a bit scary at times because we're literally going
Speaker 1: inside the minds of men. As much as we like
Speaker 1: to think all men are the same, they're actually very different.
Speaker 1: Each week, a celebrity guest host provides honest advice in
Speaker 1: his area of expertise. When I agreed to do this reboot,
Speaker 1: I had a few conditions. No sugarcoating, no mind games,
Speaker 1: and absolutely no man splaining. Men are hard enough to
Speaker 1: understand without the mind games. Listen to How Men Think
Speaker 1: on the I Heart Radio app, Apple Podcasts, or wherever
Speaker 1: you get your podcasts. Since the summer of the image
Speaker 1: of black clad ANTIFA militants has loomed large in the
Speaker 1: nation's imagination. The garb, which Wheeler describes as black from
Speaker 1: head to toe, is of course black. Block counter surveillance tactic,
Speaker 1: which originated in Europe in the nineteen eighties and was
Speaker 1: first popularized in the United States during the World Trade
Speaker 1: Organization protests in Seattle. Traditionally, block serves to protect the
Speaker 1: identity of individuals involved in militant action, and people in
Speaker 1: block provide a defensive front line in larger protests, specifically
Speaker 1: in confrontations with police and the far right. Theoretically, blocks
Speaker 1: should make it difficult to identify the wearers, gender, race,
Speaker 1: and age. This has led to activists in block being
Speaker 1: glossed over as young white anarchists, which Costa takes issues
Speaker 1: with people keep hearing that and believing in it does
Speaker 1: kiss off some people of color to hear that, but
Speaker 1: it's not true. There are there's plenty of people of
Speaker 1: color that are in block, and there's plenty of people
Speaker 1: in color. I would say the only people that are
Speaker 1: the main people that whose ideas are listened to are people.
Speaker 1: Given the prevalence of both CCTV and phone cameras. In
Speaker 1: protest settings, even the small details can be uniquely identifying.
Speaker 1: At a Seattle made, a action in one activist was
Speaker 1: ultimately identified by his shoes. As such, modern block often
Speaker 1: includes removing logos and other recognizable elements from clothing. This
Speaker 1: also means that moral patches or more tactical looking gear
Speaker 1: can also be used to identify the wear. Block is
Speaker 1: a tactic, not an organization, uniform or identity. Here's an
Speaker 1: indigenous participant in the Wall of Moms describing how she
Speaker 1: shifted from black block as the protests continued. Yeah, I
Speaker 1: up in block. I just like started just I just
Speaker 1: went out with like a shirt and a a yellow
Speaker 1: shirt and some like black pants and now like fool block,
Speaker 1: like with everything, I have a bullet prospect I was
Speaker 1: provided to me. Um. Yeah, so transition has been crazy,
Speaker 1: the fact just a small amount of lens. Yeah so,
Speaker 1: um it's just I'm really big on being autonomous, um
Speaker 1: and not really having any leaders or things like that.
Speaker 1: And um as I just want to be another face
Speaker 1: in the crowd. I don't and I don't I want
Speaker 1: to be unrecognizable. Um so I think that like that's
Speaker 1: my block. Block is so important and also I don't
Speaker 1: want to be targeted UM, and I want to be
Speaker 1: able to like protect other people around me. It's my
Speaker 1: responsibility to make sure that UM, I am unrecognizable to
Speaker 1: like my other protesters and my friends, because if something
Speaker 1: happens to me, UM, you know, one one wrong move
Speaker 1: or getting docs or something like that can really affect
Speaker 1: everyone around me. So that's why it was really important
Speaker 1: for me to kind of transition into a block block. UM.
Speaker 1: I've just been seeing so many of my friends and
Speaker 1: comrades just kind of like getting docs, UM, just being
Speaker 1: recognized by like small things, even if they're in block blox.
Speaker 1: So UM, it's just it's I just feel like it's
Speaker 1: my responsibility. If I'm going to be out there, then
Speaker 1: I need to be UM like unnoticeable or unrecognizable. For
Speaker 1: obvious reasons, block is only protective in groups and draws
Speaker 1: the attention of law enforcement. Another aspect of wearing block
Speaker 1: is bringing extra clothes and figuring out when and where
Speaker 1: you should take off your black block or d block,
Speaker 1: as you probably don't want to get snatched up and
Speaker 1: arrested while leaving in action. In Portland on January one,
Speaker 1: people were arrested on a sidewalk after a protest many
Speaker 1: blocks away, just because they were still wearing black block
Speaker 1: and in doing so much the supposed description of people
Speaker 1: who vandalized a building I also wearing black clothes. Lots
Speaker 1: of people actually wear normal clothes under their block, making
Speaker 1: deep blocking a little easier, but people still need to
Speaker 1: choose a time and discrete place to take off their
Speaker 1: black outer garments. Besides shields, umbrellas and block, the other
Speaker 1: gear people have acquired and brought to the protests also
Speaker 1: helped set Portland apart. James from Portland Action Medics describes
Speaker 1: how the gear their organization provided mirror the evolution of
Speaker 1: the movement. The summer got really really wild and um,
Speaker 1: you know, first we had respirators, some of us who
Speaker 1: are more seasoned protest metics. Um, but they weren't widely
Speaker 1: used because when thinking about cheer gases, like if there's
Speaker 1: just a little bit of it, you can just walk away,
Speaker 1: and like it will burn your eyes, but like if
Speaker 1: you just go down wind or upwind, but it's fine
Speaker 1: most of the time. But that's not true if they're
Speaker 1: using extraordinary quantities of it, such the entire parks are
Speaker 1: just full of gas. Right. UM. So we went from
Speaker 1: the situation where UM respirators were kind of this niche
Speaker 1: like gear head thing to an absolute necessity, basically overnight. UM.
Speaker 1: And then we learned a lot about what kind of
Speaker 1: cartridges filter out COVID versus what kind of cartridges filter
Speaker 1: out tear gas, and how to combine them with each other.
Speaker 1: And then we were like making little like tear gas
Speaker 1: canisters snack packs for people that are like these sandwich
Speaker 1: bags contain both together and you should just plug them
Speaker 1: right in. We reassembled them for you. Here's your gas mask.
Speaker 1: And then I was like, well, what if we get
Speaker 1: full face gas masks that have included eye shields. UM,
Speaker 1: that should probably happen because we're in a pandemic. Portland
Speaker 1: Action Metics and others distributed hundreds of respirators and began
Speaker 1: using three D printers to make gas masks inserts for eyeglasses,
Speaker 1: as glasses are notoriously incompatible with full face mask asks.
Speaker 1: As police violence continued and violence from the far right escalated,
Speaker 1: James says, additional gear became necessary. I think it has
Speaker 1: mostly been in response to UM far right fighters coming
Speaker 1: into Portland that we have really been UM a lot
Speaker 1: more worried about gunshots intentionally being fired at people, potentially
Speaker 1: in a mass way. Um. You know, like all police
Speaker 1: come with guns and so that's always a possibility. But
Speaker 1: like we have yet. We saw some brandishing of firearms
Speaker 1: at people from the Feds over the summer, but we
Speaker 1: have yet to my knowledge to see police fire live
Speaker 1: rounds on protesters. Um. But the far right like constantly
Speaker 1: runs around on the internet saying they're going to shoot
Speaker 1: us every day, and so you know, depending on how
Speaker 1: seriously take them, it's reasonable to prepare for sutras thing
Speaker 1: and so um, especially over the summer as the rhetoric
Speaker 1: from the far right increased in extremeness. Um. Plus the
Speaker 1: I mean basically like someone's firing projectiles at crowd inscriminately,
Speaker 1: then it makes tends to wear a helmet nfs, regardless
Speaker 1: of who those people are. Um, and it's hard to distinguish.
Speaker 1: It doesn't matter whether it's a cop or a fascist
Speaker 1: that is not wearing uniform doing that. Right. Um, So
Speaker 1: there's that, Like throughout the summer, people were like I
Speaker 1: need ballistics, I need heavier ballistics. I need a helmet,
Speaker 1: I need a better helmet, I need goggles, I need
Speaker 1: better goggles. I need shadow proof goggles because we got
Speaker 1: seeing people just get really badly fucked up by projectiles. Um,
Speaker 1: So there was that. But then yes, specifically when it
Speaker 1: comes to gunshot wounds, we did a lot of preparations,
Speaker 1: especially thinking out to the election, frankly, because the rhetoric
Speaker 1: about what people wanted to do was really scary and
Speaker 1: it's it's always impossible basically to tell how seriously to
Speaker 1: take these people. Other necessary gear is ear protection for
Speaker 1: flash banks. This can be little film ear plugs or
Speaker 1: more bulky noise canceling headphones. Air protection became very important
Speaker 1: during the Fed War, as flash banks from the Feds
Speaker 1: are way more powerful and damaging than the ones Portland
Speaker 1: police use. Here's Donovan Smith tear gas. It was used
Speaker 1: almost every night in the more than one days of
Speaker 1: protests in Portland, both by local police and then rebbed
Speaker 1: up again during the federal occupation. But what exactly was
Speaker 1: this so called gas that was filling the streets of
Speaker 1: Portland each night anyways? Well, turns out it's a wartime
Speaker 1: chemical band. By the nine Geneva Convention following the First
Speaker 1: World War a protocol and nixing the use of poisonous
Speaker 1: gases during warfare was adopted, including some lethal compounds like
Speaker 1: chlorine and hydrogen gas. And while its name sounds like
Speaker 1: something that would make you feel similar to cutting up
Speaker 1: onions at dinner, a deeper looking to its true effects
Speaker 1: begin to open up a much clearer picture on why
Speaker 1: it's been banned as a tool of warfare for decades.
Speaker 1: Turns out, tear gas isn't even a gas at all.
Speaker 1: It's sort of a chemical explosion, one where a chemical
Speaker 1: powder gets heated up really quick and mixed with the
Speaker 1: solvent and finally release as an aerosol and waila tear gas.
Speaker 1: It's sole purpose from there is to induce pain. Dr
Speaker 1: Anita Randolph explains its effects here. She let a research
Speaker 1: paper on the effects of tear gas, commissioned by Don't
Speaker 1: Shoot Portland's Publishing late June, just weeks after the uprisings began.
Speaker 1: Gas is actually a solid um, that's why they're packed
Speaker 1: in that canister um. So there's a few chemical reactions
Speaker 1: that have to happen to convert it to a g
Speaker 1: ass like substance. So when you're out there and you're
Speaker 1: getting tear gas, you know, it's kind of like this
Speaker 1: white mist or white powder everywhere. Um. And that's because
Speaker 1: it has to be heated up to be able to
Speaker 1: um be dispersed, right. And then once it's dispersed, you
Speaker 1: have the big and then it just allows it to
Speaker 1: spread over a larger radius. I think in the paper UM,
Speaker 1: from our research, we showed that one canister tear gas
Speaker 1: can reach like a four squared radius, which is like
Speaker 1: a one loop around a track, which is large, right,
Speaker 1: because once you stretch it out, that's a that's a
Speaker 1: lot of areas that it can cover. UM. And it's
Speaker 1: also like very potent to penetrate glass. Right. So that's
Speaker 1: why people were dressing in layers too. Right. Even me,
Speaker 1: I was like, oh man, when I learned that, I
Speaker 1: was like dressing in layers, you know, people getting tear
Speaker 1: gas or like shedding layers outside because it just it
Speaker 1: just goes through and it just wants it's on your skin,
Speaker 1: especially when you're sweating and those glands are open. It's
Speaker 1: just very painful. UM. I can honestly say, I don't.
Speaker 1: I don't. I'm not too motivated to get tear gas.
Speaker 1: The pain isn't just exclusive to humans. Similar reactions are
Speaker 1: caused in animals too, even causing death at certain levels
Speaker 1: of exposure. A twenty nine team protests in Hong Kong
Speaker 1: saw a nearby veterinary clinic forced to evacuate all its
Speaker 1: feline patients after police began shooting the so called riot
Speaker 1: control agents into the crowd of nearby demonstrators. Not all
Speaker 1: the cats could be moved in time, though in one case,
Speaker 1: an eighteen month year old cat reportedly began clawing at
Speaker 1: its eyes after inhaling the gas. While there's little documentation
Speaker 1: on how tear gas affected the critters of Portland's they
Speaker 1: certainly wore a feature of the protests, with one standout
Speaker 1: being a three hundred and fifty pound llama named Caesar.
Speaker 1: His owner, a central organ man, says he bought Caesar
Speaker 1: to the demonstrations to boost morale and would quickly depart
Speaker 1: with him when munitions began sounding off. And while Caesar
Speaker 1: went unscathed, we cannot say the same with certainty for
Speaker 1: all our other furry friends. Another possible victim of Portland's
Speaker 1: bouts of chemical warfare was one of the city's pride
Speaker 1: and joys its environment. Early in the protests, concerned eyes
Speaker 1: turned towards the LaMotte River, the de facto divider between
Speaker 1: the city's east and west side. The thirteenth largest north
Speaker 1: flowing river in the United States, the will Lammett also
Speaker 1: shares the distinction of being a Superfund site, meaning it's
Speaker 1: been pegged by the FEDS as one of the most
Speaker 1: toxic sites in the entire country and not so distant
Speaker 1: relic of the heavy industrial activity, particularly along a ten
Speaker 1: mile stretch spanning from the Burnside Bridge to Sylvie's Island
Speaker 1: and short the Willamit is no stranger to abuse, but
Speaker 1: some began to wonder if all the cs gas and
Speaker 1: pepper spray runoff was furthering those harms as cleanup crews
Speaker 1: powerwashed the residue into storm drains leading to the river.
Speaker 1: The city's Bureau of Environmental Services began vacuuming tear gas
Speaker 1: residue from the drains surrounding the downtown Justice Center in
Speaker 1: August during the FED occupation to prevent any toxic carms.
Speaker 1: But despite a wealth of research on the effects of
Speaker 1: tear gas, little seemed to be known on both its
Speaker 1: short and long term effects on the environment, so the
Speaker 1: move came as a bit of a preventative shot in
Speaker 1: the dark according to the Bureau. At the very least,
Speaker 1: the gas was an illegal discharge, as no other substances
Speaker 1: besides rainwater are allowed down the drains. Morgan from the
Speaker 1: Mutual Way Protests clean up group Team Raccoon so they
Speaker 1: could feel the remnants in the air returning to ground
Speaker 1: Zerio every morning. Um. Basically, we we got a little
Speaker 1: bit of money from mutually donations and we were wondering
Speaker 1: what because part cleans are pretty low cost, you know,
Speaker 1: trash bags, trash grabbers doesn't cost a lot of money
Speaker 1: to maintain. So we were wondering, like, what do we
Speaker 1: do with this money that will really help our community.
Speaker 1: And we were noticing the air quality in Loudsdale and
Speaker 1: Chapman getting worse and worse and worse because of the
Speaker 1: tear gas and the chemical munitions every night. Even just
Speaker 1: walking through there during the day, you wanted to put
Speaker 1: your respirator on. At the end of July, the move
Speaker 1: led to a mass mobilization of respirators and on the
Speaker 1: ground research into the gas Morgan continues. So we we're
Speaker 1: connected to some researchers who wanted to keep a certain
Speaker 1: level of anonymity, and we decided the best way to
Speaker 1: do that was through US. We could accept filters from
Speaker 1: the protest community and we could give them to the researchers.
Speaker 1: The researchers could conduct their studies and the privacy that
Speaker 1: they want, and we could use mutual aid money to
Speaker 1: facilitate that. Meanwhile, city bureaucrats began running their own tests
Speaker 1: on the sediments collected from the nearby reins to test
Speaker 1: for the primary chemicals associated with tear gas, hexa villa, chrarium,
Speaker 1: pe joliot, barri um, and sinide. The following month, the
Speaker 1: Bureau released its finding, saying that while there were higher
Speaker 1: levels of toxins at the source of the storm drains,
Speaker 1: by the time they hit the river levels were pretty
Speaker 1: much normal. The results only accounted for the August round
Speaker 1: of chemicals found in the river. B As officials insisted, however,
Speaker 1: that the testing was thorough as an accounted for the
Speaker 1: build up of chemicals that have been deployed since the
Speaker 1: George bo uprisings in late May. This didn't stop five
Speaker 1: environmental groups from teaming up to launch a lawsuit against
Speaker 1: the Department of Homeland Security, alleging they were out of
Speaker 1: compliance with the National Environmental Policy Act by not conducting
Speaker 1: an assessment on the impacts of their gas ahead of
Speaker 1: using it, breaking federal law represented by the a c
Speaker 1: l U. The groups seeked a come plete savage and
Speaker 1: federal usage of tear gas. DHS ended up pulling out
Speaker 1: before the ruling was made, but the question continued to loom.
Speaker 1: What exactly were the long term effects of tear gas.
Speaker 1: It's a question that's further complicated when considering the findings
Speaker 1: of Chemical Weapons Research Conservatorium, who say during the FEDS occupation,
Speaker 1: a mix of CS gas and toxic chemical smoke grenades
Speaker 1: made Hexa chlor thane or HC gas. HC is a
Speaker 1: toxic compound band by the US military for its severe
Speaker 1: health effects, but was deployed repeatedly by federal agents against
Speaker 1: the people of Portland's easily identifiable by the way the
Speaker 1: canisters glow red, continuously spouting dents opaque smoke for a
Speaker 1: minute or more. Juniper Seminists, who helped lead the research team,
Speaker 1: explains its effects here. Um I saw a number of
Speaker 1: people that had basically chemical burns, the chemical miss burns
Speaker 1: UM that they had never had with other gases UM
Speaker 1: the uh stomach set of symptoms. So if you ingest it,
Speaker 1: which you would do through gulping um or just having
Speaker 1: your mouth all been walking through gas. UM. That will
Speaker 1: cause vomiting, UM, nausea, UM, and that whole kind of
Speaker 1: set of symptoms. Because your body knows that zinc is bad,
Speaker 1: it wants it out UM in your lungs. However, UM
Speaker 1: what happens is um zinc chloride is really corrosive because
Speaker 1: of the chlorine. Among the complications, a number of protesters
Speaker 1: reported having prolonged regular menstal cycles, sometimes bleeding for weeks
Speaker 1: after exposure to the gas. Oregon Public Broadcasting spoke with
Speaker 1: twenty six people attended the protests and self reported changes
Speaker 1: in their bodies. Effects reported included trans people who would
Speaker 1: cease taking testosterone shot, beginning to menstruate again. Others reported
Speaker 1: pain so uncomfortable they had to take a trip to
Speaker 1: the hospital and one month alone. Others reported multiple cycles
Speaker 1: for a long time, Especially right now with COVID, we
Speaker 1: it's it's kind of hard to tweez out. If somebody
Speaker 1: has a long term symptom that's gonna linger for a while.
Speaker 1: I think due to the pandemic, it's going to confound
Speaker 1: a lot of these things, a lot more is gonna
Speaker 1: make it a lot more difficult to tweez out one
Speaker 1: from the other definitively, you know. Um, But I do
Speaker 1: think it needs to be investigated. I hope people don't
Speaker 1: forget about it, especially what the unhoused. You know, Portland
Speaker 1: has a really high number of unhoused individuals, and my
Speaker 1: heart broke for them, like every day because you know,
Speaker 1: we pack up and go home, but you know, we're
Speaker 1: we're in their space essentially. So if it's getting tear
Speaker 1: gas every single night constantly, they are actually the ones
Speaker 1: that's getting exposed the most and have the highest freculacy
Speaker 1: of exposure. Um. But for whatever reason, it's not too
Speaker 1: many people advocating for them in this space. So I
Speaker 1: just really wanted to throw it out there. While no
Speaker 1: definitive links have been made yet between tear gas and
Speaker 1: the regular cycles, the string of complaints made for yet
Speaker 1: another worry as protesters hit the front lines each night,
Speaker 1: facing off with the police force armed with the band
Speaker 1: war chemical whose true effects may not be known for
Speaker 1: years to come. About a week after George Floyd's murder,
Speaker 1: don't Shoot Portlands lost a class action lawsuit against the
Speaker 1: City of Portland's alleging indiscriminate use of tear gas and
Speaker 1: excessive force at the hands of the Portland Police Bureau.
Speaker 1: Shortly thereafter, U S District Judge Marco Hernandez ruled in
Speaker 1: their favor, placing a two week restraining order on the
Speaker 1: Bureau until further court ruling. However, there was a catch.
Speaker 1: In his ten page ruling, the judge wrote the following quote.
Speaker 1: In addition, tear gas, you shall be limited to situations
Speaker 1: in which the lives are safety of the public or
Speaker 1: the police are at risk. This includes the lives and
Speaker 1: safety of those house at the Justice Center. Tear gas
Speaker 1: shall not be used to disperse crowds where there's little
Speaker 1: or no risk of injury. End quote. That little or
Speaker 1: no risk left a lot up to interpretation for the
Speaker 1: Portland Police Bureau. Governor k Brown signed a bill that
Speaker 1: had banned tear gas following Hernandez's ruling that followed similar
Speaker 1: directors In July, tear gas was banned only into the
Speaker 1: police declare riot loudly. Police had already been loosening their
Speaker 1: existing directors for when and when not to use tear
Speaker 1: gas up until then. The only thing preventing thousands from
Speaker 1: being draped in wartime chemicals. Was officers on the ground
Speaker 1: declaring the gathering a quote unlawful as sim BLI. After that,
Speaker 1: you'd have to hear something like this a few times,
Speaker 1: the youth of tear gas, crowd control agents, and or
Speaker 1: impact button. Once this request for dispersal was given over
Speaker 1: the loudspeaker a few times, it was up to the
Speaker 1: incident commander to give the green light on firing the
Speaker 1: gas into the crowd. After the so called temporary band
Speaker 1: things pretty much continued to follow this pattern from the
Speaker 1: police chief to the mayor. Officials at the city continued
Speaker 1: to argue that tear gas was a key tool and
Speaker 1: the cops arsenal to disperse protesters, but despite the questionable
Speaker 1: use of ports preaching the First Amendment, the gas often
Speaker 1: encroached on those who weren't even on the front lines
Speaker 1: of the demonstrations. Tear gases gripp looomed across the city,
Speaker 1: and in the case of Demesia Smith, it followed her
Speaker 1: family home and all of a sudden they've seen flashing
Speaker 1: lights and looked outside and the whole p p A
Speaker 1: building was lined with riot officers and uh, the last
Speaker 1: time we had protested, I don't remember the exact day.
Speaker 1: We were downtown, and it was the day it made
Speaker 1: news that the police had tear gas, Like, um, there
Speaker 1: was a group of protesters that weren't a part of
Speaker 1: like a group of three thousand people, but the police
Speaker 1: like tear gas everybody it was that was down there.
Speaker 1: My son was caught in the middle of that, so
Speaker 1: he'd like already been like on edge about police. So
Speaker 1: he called me freaking out that the right police were
Speaker 1: all front of p A building in front of my
Speaker 1: mom's house, and he was like crying, like hysterically, like
Speaker 1: he didn't know what was going to happen, and he
Speaker 1: was just telling me to be careful. And there was
Speaker 1: no protesters there. It was just all police, but like
Speaker 1: their presence like had him freaked out and crying. So
Speaker 1: I'm leaving work and when I come home, so I
Speaker 1: can't park there, can't even get through to there because
Speaker 1: at that time, now the protesters have made it to
Speaker 1: the p p A building as well as the right officers.
Speaker 1: So I'm like circling around, circling around, and I couldn't
Speaker 1: park anywhere close enough. So I parked my car at
Speaker 1: home and walked all the way through because I'm trying
Speaker 1: to get to my kid. So I'm walking through and uh, everybody,
Speaker 1: all of a sudden you just start seeing smoke whatnot.
Speaker 1: But again I'm in mom mode and like, that's my house.
Speaker 1: And again I already the police aren't. I've witnessed the
Speaker 1: police not acting right there in protests like no, they're
Speaker 1: trying to push me back, and I'm like, I've lived
Speaker 1: right here. You guys can see my ID. One days in,
Speaker 1: crowds continued to show up and cops continue to guess. Two.
Speaker 1: Mr Ender lives just off the Ventura Park in East Portlands.
Speaker 1: On the hundred night of protests, he found his neighborhood
Speaker 1: blanketed in tear gas and I was like, oh jeez.
Speaker 1: So then at that point, we make our way past
Speaker 1: tear gas again and uh basically climbed our little fence
Speaker 1: and jump over that to get inside our house and
Speaker 1: make sure all the windows were closed, and then we
Speaker 1: put towels under the the two kids rooms. I mean
Speaker 1: we have at that point, we had a one month
Speaker 1: old child, two month old child, and a two year
Speaker 1: old child. And uh, it's incredibly scary to have tear
Speaker 1: gas deployed. Um it was more than one canister of
Speaker 1: tear gas that was deployed in front of our house. Um,
Speaker 1: and you know have anywhere to go, So the police
Speaker 1: are on all sides of my house. Um, there's loud speakers, UM,
Speaker 1: loud noises, Uh, tear gas being deployed. I mean the
Speaker 1: streamer from my house was a war zone. Um. The
Speaker 1: police turned it into a war zone. And the response
Speaker 1: was over the top. Um it was, in my opinion,
Speaker 1: meant to chill speech. And UM. I mean we don't
Speaker 1: have gas mass in our house and they don't make
Speaker 1: a gas mask for a two month old child, and
Speaker 1: so our options is limited. I mean it's if if
Speaker 1: it was a private individual doing this, I could defend
Speaker 1: my house. Um, but I don't have that luxury when
Speaker 1: it's the government doing it. A member of Team Raccoon
Speaker 1: have been cleaning up trash and spent munitions at protests
Speaker 1: throughout the summer. After the ongoing gassing of neighborhoods, they
Speaker 1: shifted to supplying families with respirators for their children. What
Speaker 1: we found was that the best situation was three M
Speaker 1: respirator for ages about seven and up and younger than that.
Speaker 1: What we do is we get something called a bar
Speaker 1: To system, which is a pressure positive hood that also
Speaker 1: has a straw and a sippy cup, and it's made
Speaker 1: for young children. The pressure positive hood helps so they
Speaker 1: don't have to have anything strapped to their face. And UM,
Speaker 1: the motor keeps it keeps filtered air moving through the hood,
Speaker 1: so it never, um, it never stops moving out and
Speaker 1: that's how they keep the tear gas away from children.
Speaker 1: For infants, we weren't really to find something that was
Speaker 1: super affordable and um easy to get, So for infants,
Speaker 1: we basically suggest, um what people do when UM they
Speaker 1: are trying to keep tear gas out of their homes,
Speaker 1: roll up a towel and put it under the door. UM.
Speaker 1: Try to get as far away from windows or any
Speaker 1: exit points as possible if you need to evac, you know,
Speaker 1: try to make sure that you get too safe air
Speaker 1: as quickly as possible. But there aren't a lot of
Speaker 1: answers when you're talking about infant impact and tear gas
Speaker 1: or prevention from getting tear gas in infant's lungs. As
Speaker 1: the smoke from September wildfire settled over Portland, Mayor Wheeler
Speaker 1: issued a ban on cs gas Wheeler's police bureau pushed back.
Speaker 1: Both the police chief and their union had publicly rallied
Speaker 1: against him, with the Portland Police Association launch in a
Speaker 1: full on petition railing against the ban. Then the smoke cleared.
Speaker 1: Just days after Wheeler's ban, a familiar scene formed outside
Speaker 1: the Immigrations and Customs Enforcement Building, with calls by protesters
Speaker 1: to abolish ICE. A group of about a hundred gathered
Speaker 1: outside the facility and were met not by PPB but
Speaker 1: federal agents. Shortly after nightfall, tear gas ensued alongside pellets
Speaker 1: and smoke bombs. Wheeler and Police Chief Level were quick
Speaker 1: to announce that their bureau wasn't responsible for the night's chaos,
Speaker 1: which ended with nearly a dozen arrests. Protests continued in
Speaker 1: much this way in the days following the wildfires, direct
Speaker 1: actions around town at night drawing out a few dozen
Speaker 1: people who would be met with police force and arrests,
Speaker 1: and while the police force had yet to cease the
Speaker 1: use of tear gas had come to a halt since
Speaker 1: the mayor's ban. In the weeks leading up to the election,
Speaker 1: much of the city's downtown corps was boarded up. Businesses
Speaker 1: feared of broken windows. At the local level, an unpopular
Speaker 1: mayor and police commissioner was set up for re election,
Speaker 1: with many constituents divided over whether or not to vote
Speaker 1: for his self described every day Antifa opponents Sarah Jennarone
Speaker 1: and a community led ride in campaign for Don't Shoot
Speaker 1: Portland founder Teresa Rayford, who came in third in the primaries.
Speaker 1: This and other key council races had many on edge
Speaker 1: for the future of the city. On top of that,
Speaker 1: the decidedly blue Portland, which had just seen a fatal
Speaker 1: clash of Trump caravans and BLM protesters, waited to see
Speaker 1: if the forty five president who just occupied the city
Speaker 1: would occupy the seat for four more years. Wheeler eaked
Speaker 1: out a win against his opponents, receiving less than the
Speaker 1: combined votes of Jenneronne and the riding's, but enough to
Speaker 1: secure his seat again to the lament of many activists.
Speaker 1: Trump lost to Biden protests and sued. Later that November,
Speaker 1: yet another tear gas related suit was filed, this time
Speaker 1: by inmates of the Justice Center. While the use of
Speaker 1: gas had come to a halt, their class action suit
Speaker 1: turned its finger at the Multnoma County Sheriff's office, alleging
Speaker 1: that from the first day of the protests, those caged
Speaker 1: at the Justice Center were left to suffer as gas
Speaker 1: from the outside seeped into their cells. More than three
Speaker 1: hundred inmates joined in the suit, many of them had
Speaker 1: yet to be convicted and were awaiting trial. The suit
Speaker 1: described a number of alleged incidents of inmates coughing, wheezing,
Speaker 1: and kneeling over in agony in the weeks of protest
Speaker 1: they were stuck in their cells, and some repeated a
Speaker 1: familiar refrain, one that sparked global uprisings, I can't breathe.
Speaker 1: Tear gas continues to be a tool used by most
Speaker 1: urban police departments across the country. The nightly chemical warfare
Speaker 1: that police enacted on Portland streets, along with other munitions,
Speaker 1: turned the city both into a battlefield and a testing ground.
Speaker 1: The true mental, physical, and environmental effects of the gassing
Speaker 1: may not be realized for years to come, but from
Speaker 1: Portland to Hong Kong, one thing remains clear. While protest
Speaker 1: tactics may adapt over the years, the response of governments
Speaker 1: remains largely the same, suppress and silence dissent. Portlander's continued
Speaker 1: to push back imperfectly, but with more skill. Some broke windows,
Speaker 1: while others simply claimed their streets, grabbed a bullhorn for
Speaker 1: the first time and demanded to all who could hear
Speaker 1: that withoutice, there would be no peace. From optics to effectiveness,
Speaker 1: some on the so called left were split on which
Speaker 1: roads best aided in the liberation of black lives, and
Speaker 1: while diversity of tactics got sticky at times, many will
Speaker 1: argue that the norm most protesters rail against is more insufferable.
Speaker 1: We quoted Malcolm X at the beginning of this episode.
Speaker 1: One of the most popular phrases he's known for is
Speaker 1: by any means necessary. As we reflect on the lessons
Speaker 1: of the ongoing movement for Black lives and the months
Speaker 1: of protests that took over Portland, will leave you with
Speaker 1: a more full version of that quote he gave during
Speaker 1: a speech at the founding of the Organization of Afro
Speaker 1: American Unity in nineteen sixty four. We declare our right
Speaker 1: on this earth to be a human being, to be
Speaker 1: respected as a human being, to be given the rights
Speaker 1: of a human being in this society, on this earth,
Speaker 1: in this day, which we intend to bring into existence,
Speaker 1: by any means necessary, last episode, you may remember us
Speaker 1: speaking with Junior Perseminists about chemical communitions used by the
Speaker 1: BEDS and local law enforcement during the protests. We wanted
Speaker 1: to offer a correction about some of the statements issued
Speaker 1: during that last episode. Junia Perseminis is in fact doctor
Speaker 1: Junior Perseminis, with fifteen years under their bilt as a
Speaker 1: quantitative conservation biologists, and the research we said they helped
Speaker 1: lead with chemical Weapons Research Concentatorium on hex chlorothane gas
Speaker 1: or HC gas, they didn't so much as help lead,
Speaker 1: but in fact spearheaded the effort with the assistance of
Speaker 1: some volunteers. There's in fact a wide ranging array of
Speaker 1: research and science regarding h SA gas an tear gas
Speaker 1: out in the world, some dating bad decades, but even
Speaker 1: today researchers continue to unearth more understanding about what the
Speaker 1: real impacts of these chemicals are on humans, animals in wildlife,
Speaker 1: and the environment at large. Another thing is scientists are
Speaker 1: sort of constant skeptics, So when we say that no
Speaker 1: definitive links have been drawn when it comes to research,
Speaker 1: especially in the world of science, it's almost an oxymoronic statement.
Speaker 1: Everything can be challenged to gain better understandings of the
Speaker 1: floating rock we live on, and everything else beyond it.
Speaker 1: What we do know for sure is that the countless
Speaker 1: munitions Unlicia on Portland left scores of protesters ailing. As
Speaker 1: scientists continue to unearth new research on these chemicals, The
Speaker 1: Uprising team would like to offer our apology for the
Speaker 1: errors reported in that last episode. Uh where the grandpops
Speaker 1: who couldn't fathom the Obama system? I don't hate America,
Speaker 1: just to me? And she keeps the promises teams looking
Speaker 1: like the sixties. It's crazy, a nationwide dejab who what
Speaker 1: my people post to do? Go to schools named after
Speaker 1: the clan founder. We're around town, Isa, I don't see
Speaker 1: why we're frowning Native American students forced to learn about
Speaker 1: when o'pella Sarah, how is that fair? Bro? Some you
Speaker 1: most unsung in some months. That's get monuments built for him.
Speaker 1: But it ain't be all a little bit of monthster.
Speaker 1: We crook you. I'm Jake Calburn, host of Deep Cover.
Speaker 1: Our new season is about a lawyer who helped the
Speaker 1: mob run Chicago. He bribed judges and even helped a
Speaker 1: hit man walk free, until one day when he started
Speaker 1: talking with the FBI. And promised that he could take
Speaker 1: the mob down. I've spent the past year trying to
Speaker 1: figure out why he flipped and what he was really after.
Speaker 1: Listen to deep Cover on the I Heart Radio app,
Speaker 1: Apple Podcasts, or wherever you get your podcasts. I'm Colleen
Speaker 1: with joined me the host of Eating While Broke podcast.
Speaker 1: While I Eat a meal created by self made entrepreneurs,
Speaker 1: influencers and celebrities over a meal they once eight when
Speaker 1: they were broke. Today I have the lovely AJ Crimson,
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Speaker 1: is the professor. We're here on Eating While Broke and
Speaker 1: today I'm gonna break down my meal that got me
Speaker 1: through a time when I was broken. Listen to Eating
Speaker 1: While Broke on the I Heart Radio app, on Apple
Speaker 1: podcast or wherever you get your podcasts. Get All the
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