Speaker 1: Happy Saturday. Coming up this week, we have an episode
Speaker 1: involving William blythe who became infamous after being the victim
Speaker 1: of a mutiny aboard the HMS Bounty. We are replaying
Speaker 1: our June sipisode from past hosts Katie and Sarah, so
Speaker 1: that story will be a little fresher on people's minds.
Speaker 1: Sarah and Deablina also put out an update to this
Speaker 1: episode on December three. After the replica of the Bounty,
Speaker 1: which was built in nine six, sank during Hurricane Sandy.
Speaker 1: We're using the original version since having multiple introductions seems weird. Also,
Speaker 1: just a heads up that this episode contains a very
Speaker 1: brief mention of just generations of widespread sexual abuses that
Speaker 1: were committed at Pitcairn Island. That's the island where some
Speaker 1: of the Bounty mutineers settled with Tahitian people they had
Speaker 1: captured after the mutiny. Honestly, the whole thing is even
Speaker 1: more horrifying that then, it seems upon hearing just that
Speaker 1: scription and the episodes up, you go looking for the
Speaker 1: resources they reference. It is pretty graphic. Otherwise, enjoy Welcome
Speaker 1: to Stuff You missed in History Class. A production of
Speaker 1: I Heart Radio. Hello, and welcome to the podcast. I'm
Speaker 1: Katie Lambert and I'm Sarah Dowdy. And most of us
Speaker 1: know a little bit about our topic for today, the
Speaker 1: Mutiny on the Bounty, and we know there's this outraged
Speaker 1: group of sailers and the mutiny against their captain and
Speaker 1: two amazing stories in Sue. And the first is that
Speaker 1: the mutineers, with a group of Tahitian women, end up
Speaker 1: establishing a colony on this remote Pacific island that still
Speaker 1: exists today, the island and the colony obviously. And then
Speaker 1: the other is that the cast off captain and his
Speaker 1: loyalists navigate thousands of miles to safety and make it
Speaker 1: all the way back to England eventually. But that's about
Speaker 1: all most people know well, and our understanding of the
Speaker 1: people involved isn't quite as good as our understanding of
Speaker 1: the basics. And that's partly due to the misleading but
Speaker 1: entertaining film portrayals of the stories. Two leading men in
Speaker 1: film Captain Bligh and our mutineer, Fletcher Christian. Yeah, most
Speaker 1: of the films depict Bligh as this hard knows bully
Speaker 1: and Christian is a dashing hero. But those depictions aren't
Speaker 1: necessarily correct, and times movies lie. Yeah. It turns out,
Speaker 1: though that the films weren't the first to skew it
Speaker 1: that way, with with one as the hero and one
Speaker 1: as this mean old captain, and the two men's respective
Speaker 1: reputations actually started to grow shortly after the mutiny itself,
Speaker 1: when some of the participants are brought back to England
Speaker 1: for justice and try to skew the story and save
Speaker 1: their hides by defaming your captain. And it's the is
Speaker 1: interesting back stories and others that continue centuries after the
Speaker 1: mutiny that made our listener, Catherine in London suggests the topic.
Speaker 1: So we're going to start our mission, all right, So
Speaker 1: the famous mutiny happens in the Pacific Islands in seventeen
Speaker 1: eighty nine. But before we get into that, we have
Speaker 1: to understand why the ship was there in the first place.
Speaker 1: It wasn't on your ordinary run of the mill mission, No,
Speaker 1: it was a culinary mission. And to understand we have
Speaker 1: to go back to seventeen sixty nine when Captain James
Speaker 1: Cook's ship the Endeavor, discovered the bread fruit in Tahiti
Speaker 1: and Joseph Banks, a famous botanist on board, took note.
Speaker 1: And several years after this, England had a bit of
Speaker 1: a food crisis, and it wasn't about feeding their own people,
Speaker 1: but about feeding their slaves in Jamaica and the lesser Antilles.
Speaker 1: And they were wondering, what can we feed all these
Speaker 1: people with that's cheap and easy to grow the Caribbean
Speaker 1: and uh, part of the problem here was that they
Speaker 1: didn't have the North American colonies anymore producing loads of
Speaker 1: food and fish to to feed these big slave populations.
Speaker 1: So botanist Banks suggested the bread fruit. But of course
Speaker 1: that's in Tahiti, so someone would have to go there
Speaker 1: take saplings and cuttings and then attempt to propagate the
Speaker 1: tree in the West Indies. And by seventy seven, at
Speaker 1: very adamant, Banks finally convinced the King to sponsor this mission.
Speaker 1: So who would they put in charge, Good old reliable
Speaker 1: William Bly. And William Bly had been in the navy
Speaker 1: for quite some time. He was born to a customs
Speaker 1: officer in seventeen fifty four, probably in Plymouth, England, and
Speaker 1: he joined the Royal Navy as a teen and rose
Speaker 1: pretty fast under the service of Captain Cook, who we
Speaker 1: mentioned earlier, and BLI was even there when Cook was
Speaker 1: bludgeoned to death by natives in what is now the
Speaker 1: Hawaiian Islands, so that would be an unfortunate thing to witness.
Speaker 1: But he also learned a lot from Cook, and after
Speaker 1: returning to England and getting married and having kids, he
Speaker 1: left the Royal Navy and became a commander of merchant ships,
Speaker 1: which was a really good way to make a lot
Speaker 1: of money and to have a bit of an easier
Speaker 1: career than sailing all over the world for the Navy. Right,
Speaker 1: but he came out of retirement to serve on this
Speaker 1: breadfruit mission, and his vessel would be the two hundred
Speaker 1: and fifteen ton Bethia renamed the Bounty, and he accepted
Speaker 1: the mission. But it didn't turn out to be the prestigious,
Speaker 1: well funded scientific expedition he'd hoped it would be. The
Speaker 1: ship was tiny, he didn't get the title of master
Speaker 1: and commander, and he didn't have the security and commissioned
Speaker 1: officers that should have come with that kind of trip.
Speaker 1: But nevertheless, he's got a major trip underway, and one
Speaker 1: of the first men he recruits is Fletcher Christian, who's
Speaker 1: served him well before and has connections to his family. However, Yeah,
Speaker 1: so we have this really bizarre mission to get the
Speaker 1: bread fruit. Not of particularly popular mission, but nevertheless, it
Speaker 1: sets off December, after delays of weeks because of unsuitable weather,
Speaker 1: so a bad start almost right away. But the ship
Speaker 1: leaves from Spithead, England, and the plan is to go
Speaker 1: to Tahiti by way of South America, sailing around the
Speaker 1: Cape Horn, and they near the Cape by late March,
Speaker 1: but the weather is so bad that they make a detour.
Speaker 1: And this detour is just insane. If you get tore
Speaker 1: around the world, Yeah, if you get mad about having
Speaker 1: to go a few blocks out of your way, take
Speaker 1: note here. Their detour involves going around the Cape of
Speaker 1: Good Hope, which is in Africa, obviously, and it takes
Speaker 1: until May for them to get there. They stop at
Speaker 1: Cape Town, refit their ship, reload their supplies, and head
Speaker 1: on their way. And Blind may have been disappointed with
Speaker 1: the initial expedition, but things are actually going well so far,
Speaker 1: especially considering their bad weather and the long delay. The
Speaker 1: men are in good health, there haven't been a lot
Speaker 1: of injuries. He even loans money to Christian while they're
Speaker 1: in Africa, which Bligh was a little bit of a
Speaker 1: tight wad, so that's really saying something. And from the
Speaker 1: cape they headed to Tasmania, which is where their troubles began.
Speaker 1: They have a man die after a blood letting, and
Speaker 1: some of the other men become a little insolent, but
Speaker 1: still they press on. They get to Tahiti October, and
Speaker 1: when they arrive in Tahiti, the islanders come pouring aboard
Speaker 1: the ship, and this is a relatively happy time, perhaps
Speaker 1: one of the last truly happy times on this mission.
Speaker 1: Bli has been to the islands before. He really likes Tahiti.
Speaker 1: He it's along well with the native people, and he
Speaker 1: even calls Tahiti the paradise of the world. And he
Speaker 1: also gets to work on his mission, which is of
Speaker 1: course securing the bread fruit plants and the trees. So
Speaker 1: he gets permission from the island chiefs to transplant and
Speaker 1: builds a place to put the plants and let them grow,
Speaker 1: and then hangs tight for about five months to see
Speaker 1: if the plants take and to wait out the rainy season.
Speaker 1: And his men don't seem to mind. Tahiti, of course,
Speaker 1: is gorgeous, and they like the native women, but not
Speaker 1: all of their tensions melt away. Three of the men
Speaker 1: go missing with arms and ammo. They aren't found for
Speaker 1: three weeks. Li gets grumpy, of course, to find that
Speaker 1: his orders aren't carried out. The men are lacks about
Speaker 1: important issues, um the spare sales, rot and mildew for examp.
Speaker 1: Pretty major problems happening. Yeah, that's a big deal. But finally,
Speaker 1: on April five, the bounty is ready to leave with
Speaker 1: its one thousand, fifteen saplings. So by the eleventh of April,
Speaker 1: the ship anchors at the rather ironically named Friendly Islands.
Speaker 1: Because not long after they leave their Bligh and Christian
Speaker 1: begin to argue and not friendly, No, it's not friendly.
Speaker 1: This is according to a later account. But things get
Speaker 1: worse by the twenty one and that's when Christian is
Speaker 1: hard to say, Sir, your abuse is so bad that
Speaker 1: I cannot do my duty with any pleasure. I've been
Speaker 1: in hell for weeks with you, And by April the
Speaker 1: two are fighting again. Blie is disappointed that Christian let
Speaker 1: native men scare him, and he's furious that the watch
Speaker 1: let a Native diver make off with a small anchor.
Speaker 1: And that brings us to our last straw, which was
Speaker 1: Blige's man hunt over stolen coconuts, which sounds absolutely ridiculous,
Speaker 1: but I think you have to consider these people being
Speaker 1: in such close quarters with each other for so long
Speaker 1: and an already tense situation ready to go home, stolen
Speaker 1: coconuts become a really big deal. But Blige specifically implicates
Speaker 1: Christian before imposing this ration on Yams, and it just
Speaker 1: devastates Christian. Apparently he's seen crying and bly it's not
Speaker 1: as big of a deal for him. He actually doesn't
Speaker 1: stay angry for long. He invites Christian to dine with
Speaker 1: him that night. Christian uh doesn't get over it so
Speaker 1: quickly though, because pre dawn on April, according to Bligh's account,
Speaker 1: Christian comes in with other men, seizes him, ties him
Speaker 1: up and threatens to kill him, and they haul him
Speaker 1: naked except for a shirt, onto the deck, where he's
Speaker 1: placed on the launch vessel and joined by eighteen others
Speaker 1: who were loyal to the captain, and they're given some
Speaker 1: supplies rum about five days worth of food, water, some tools,
Speaker 1: and a compass, and four cutlass is tossed in at
Speaker 1: the last minute. Three people loyal to Bli are actually
Speaker 1: detained on board and that'll come into play later. But
Speaker 1: Bli is there trying to reason with Christian at the
Speaker 1: last minute. Here he knows what's about to happen to him,
Speaker 1: and he knows that it most likely means death and
Speaker 1: death for the men on this little skiff. He tries
Speaker 1: to remind Christian that he's held his children back in England,
Speaker 1: that he's been his mentor this whole time, and asks
Speaker 1: if this is proper repayment for his kindness, and Christians
Speaker 1: says that Captain Bly, that is the thing I am
Speaker 1: in hell, I am in Hell. So Christian is pretty
Speaker 1: tortured by this decision to mutiny against his captain. Other
Speaker 1: men at the trial substantiate this account, and it's possible
Speaker 1: that Christian had considered slipping off the ship in a
Speaker 1: raft alone, which would have been suicidal, but was talked
Speaker 1: into mutiny instead. And while a movie might end there,
Speaker 1: our podcast will not. So first we're going to catch
Speaker 1: up with the captain post mutiny. Things look really bleak.
Speaker 1: This tiny boat, lots of guys, not much food, and
Speaker 1: they're sailing through mostly uncharted water. Certain death, yes, certain death.
Speaker 1: It seems like um. But even though Bligh isn't the
Speaker 1: best people person, maybe not the best captain for no
Speaker 1: managerial skills negotiating with folks. He's a really great navigator,
Speaker 1: and from his tiny little glimpses he's had of of
Speaker 1: charted waters that the waters that actually are charted, he's
Speaker 1: able to navigate thousands of miles back to safety. What
Speaker 1: he's done is pretty fantastic, and they stop on a
Speaker 1: volcanic island, but when one of them was killed by natives,
Speaker 1: Blies determined not to stop again, so to tea more
Speaker 1: or death. As Sarah wrote in her outline, but the
Speaker 1: problem would be that Teamore is about three thousand, six
Speaker 1: hundred miles away. And the other thing is everyone on
Speaker 1: the boat kind of hates each other, which is going
Speaker 1: to be a running theme for the rest of the podcast.
Speaker 1: They bicker and argue with each other the whole way,
Speaker 1: and of course they're starving too, so they have a
Speaker 1: lot of good reasons to be on the B side.
Speaker 1: Somewhat Miraculously, they reached Team Or June four nine, and
Speaker 1: the English Chronicle calls the navigation of his little skiff
Speaker 1: through so dangerous a see a matchless undertaking that seems
Speaker 1: beyond the verge of probability, and from there they go
Speaker 1: on to Jakarta and eventually find a ride all the
Speaker 1: way back to England and Bligh is hailed as a
Speaker 1: hero and he writes a narrative which is very popular,
Speaker 1: and he also gets a new job. Still with the
Speaker 1: bread fruit. You think you would be breadfruit girl, sick
Speaker 1: of bread fruit by this point. But um, this time around,
Speaker 1: the mission is going to be different. He's going to
Speaker 1: have lieutenants, he's going to have marines for security. I
Speaker 1: think the Royal Navy has realized that a mission of
Speaker 1: this size should have been managed better. Oh and it's
Speaker 1: payback time. The Royal Navy also wants to hunt it
Speaker 1: down our mutineers, if there are any mutineers left to find,
Speaker 1: which brings us to our next question, what happened to
Speaker 1: the mutineers? So in the Navy commissions Captain Edward Edwards
Speaker 1: and the Pandora to find the surviving mutineers in the Pacific,
Speaker 1: and one of the blind skiff survivors comes along to
Speaker 1: presumably to help identify the men and to talk to
Speaker 1: them and probably bring out their guilt a little too.
Speaker 1: If this is the guy you tossed into a boat,
Speaker 1: not too long ago face to face encounter. When the
Speaker 1: ship arrives in Tahiti, three bounty mutineers swim out to
Speaker 1: it they're so ready to go home, and they're arrested
Speaker 1: and chained, while the other men are rounded up and
Speaker 1: put into the prison hut on deck, which they called
Speaker 1: Pandora's Box, which is pretty clever, and one of the
Speaker 1: survivors tells Edwards how the men got there, and he
Speaker 1: pieces together more from the journals of the captured men,
Speaker 1: but the basics are that hatred and jealousy began immediately
Speaker 1: after the mutiny, with some men thinking that Christian favored
Speaker 1: his friends among the other mutineers. So the ship initially
Speaker 1: anchors on a tiny island south of Titi, and because
Speaker 1: they're pretty short unsupplies, they head back to Tahiti and
Speaker 1: load up on livestock as well as a bunch of
Speaker 1: Tahitian people, women, men, boys, and one girl, and then
Speaker 1: head back to their tiny island and they try to
Speaker 1: live there for about three months before the in fighting again.
Speaker 1: With the infighting it gets insufferable and Christian agrees to
Speaker 1: take some of the men back to Tahiti, and he
Speaker 1: takes sixteen of them back, implying that he'll linger nearby
Speaker 1: the island on the ship for about a day or
Speaker 1: so before slipping off. That he doesn't doesn't happen. He
Speaker 1: leaves in the middle of the night, essentially kidnapping the
Speaker 1: women who were on board the ship. One even jumps
Speaker 1: overboard and swims back from beyond the coral reef when
Speaker 1: she realizes what's happening, and sadly, of the sixteen left
Speaker 1: in Tahiti, two are murdered. So back to our captain Edwards.
Speaker 1: He keeps hunting for Christian and his band of men,
Speaker 1: but he can't find them. He eventually gives up and
Speaker 1: starts to head home, but runs his ship aground on
Speaker 1: Australia's Great Barrier Reef. Thirty one of his men drowned
Speaker 1: and four prisoners die, so only ten prisoners make it
Speaker 1: back to England, where they will be tried together, and
Speaker 1: the prosecution rests on three points. These men didn't try
Speaker 1: to stop the mutiny, they didn't get into the launch
Speaker 1: with Bligh, and they didn't try to get to England
Speaker 1: after the mutiny but hid instead. And there's still more
Speaker 1: fighting among the defendants over who did what, because obviously
Speaker 1: this is the time to implicate your fellows. He was
Speaker 1: the guy with the weapon. It wasn't me. I was
Speaker 1: dragged into the whole thing by Christian. You can imagine.
Speaker 1: It goes on and on, and four of the men
Speaker 1: have letters from Bli declaring them innocent, so this court
Speaker 1: martial for them is pretty much a formality. They'll be okay.
Speaker 1: Three are virtually assured death because they had all been
Speaker 1: seen with arms. Everyone can agree that these three guys
Speaker 1: were bearing arms, and three are kind of up in
Speaker 1: the air, especially one named Peter Hayward, who's the only
Speaker 1: officer charged, and he was only fifteen at the time
Speaker 1: of the mutiny. He's from a really well connected family though,
Speaker 1: and says that he's young and confused at the time
Speaker 1: of the mutiny, that he had been sleeping below decks
Speaker 1: so hadn't been able to react until it was a
Speaker 1: bit too late, and he didn't want to join the
Speaker 1: launch because it was so overloaded. But interestingly too, it's
Speaker 1: his testimony that kind of helps build up the legend
Speaker 1: of Bligh as a sadistic, incompetent captain, something that will
Speaker 1: help Heywood get off the hook. And he of course
Speaker 1: isn't there to defend his own name. He's on bread
Speaker 1: Fruit Mission part two, so that's the only account that
Speaker 1: people are going by really, So ultimately one of the
Speaker 1: prisoners gets off on a legal technicality, two are pardoned,
Speaker 1: including Hayward, and then three hang at Portsmouth Harbor and
Speaker 1: their bodies are displayed for two hours in the rain.
Speaker 1: Just a warning to other wood message to you. So
Speaker 1: Bligh's second bread fruit mission is successful. He secures two
Speaker 1: thousand one plants. He manages to get six hundred and
Speaker 1: seventy eight of them to the West Indies and there
Speaker 1: he delivers them at St. Vincent and Jamaica. And he
Speaker 1: was delayed there by the start of the French Revolution,
Speaker 1: but eventually returned and continues his up and down career.
Speaker 1: Being gone for the trial was very unfortunate for his reputation,
Speaker 1: since a bit of a pamphlet war started not only
Speaker 1: with Hayward's claims against his character, but Christian's brother, a
Speaker 1: law professor at Cambridge who interviews the crew members to
Speaker 1: show problems with the command. And that's where he gets
Speaker 1: his nickname, the Bounty Bastard, which haunts him for the
Speaker 1: rest of his life. But kept up with Christian and
Speaker 1: his men. What happens to them? Captain Edwards is never
Speaker 1: able to find them, presumably they're all dead. They don't
Speaker 1: make it, But the second act of this story continues
Speaker 1: in eighteen ten, when the American ship Topaz and Captain
Speaker 1: Folger find this Englishman Alexander Smith also known as John Adams,
Speaker 1: on Pit Karen Island in the South Pacific. So what's
Speaker 1: he doing here? He's claiming he's a bounty survivor. He
Speaker 1: tells how the group of mutineers, Tohitian women and male
Speaker 1: Tahitian servants landed there in seventeen ninety and stripped and
Speaker 1: burned the bounty to cover their tracks. In fighting once
Speaker 1: again kills off almost everyone, with Christian getting shot in
Speaker 1: the neck with a pistol ball. Although other rumors do
Speaker 1: have Christian escaping Pit Karen and returning to England, probably unlikely.
Speaker 1: It seems like in fighting is our general trend here
Speaker 1: and we should probably go with going at the pistol ball.
Speaker 1: But just because most the men have killed each other
Speaker 1: off doesn't mean that this island is devoid of a population.
Speaker 1: There has been a lot of repopulating going on at
Speaker 1: the same time, and the island now has thirty five inhabitants,
Speaker 1: and Smith is their leader, and the first to be
Speaker 1: born on the island is actually Christian's own son. And
Speaker 1: so this new expedition finds a twenty year old Thursday
Speaker 1: October Christian, the descendant of Fletcher, and the Tahitian woman,
Speaker 1: a name we had a lot of fun with earlier. Today.
Speaker 1: Some of the settlers eventually immigrate to Norfolk Island, east
Speaker 1: of Australia, and many of them still live there today.
Speaker 1: But others still live on Pitcairn, where they speak English
Speaker 1: and pitt Kern, a mix of Tahitian and eighteenth century English,
Speaker 1: which sounds pretty cool. And they trade with ships that
Speaker 1: come by or sell their stuff online. But a few
Speaker 1: years ago they had a scandal when numerous men were
Speaker 1: arrested and charged with abusing underage girls. I'd read a
Speaker 1: big article in Vanity Fair about it, called Trouble in Paradise,
Speaker 1: which you can find online. Sarah read some other accounts. Yeah,
Speaker 1: an NPR story about the journalist Cathy Marks, who had
Speaker 1: unearthed this whole history which apparently stretched back for generations,
Speaker 1: at least three generations of abuse. That's just a side
Speaker 1: note for us, we're going to go to the more
Speaker 1: popular game of what went wrong? So why was there
Speaker 1: this mutiny in the first place. That's the big popular question,
Speaker 1: And one myth to debunk is that Bli and Christian
Speaker 1: had this secret, illicit relationship and that's why Christian just
Speaker 1: got so angry at Bli and mutinied. He was in hell.
Speaker 1: He was in hell? Yeah, exactly. So. The historian who
Speaker 1: first suggested this idea retracted it later after she reassessed
Speaker 1: the size of the ship and figured that there was
Speaker 1: no way you could have conducted a secret affair aboard
Speaker 1: a vessels so small. And this mutiny also didn't happen
Speaker 1: because was too strict. In his captain's log, he had
Speaker 1: noted that he hadn't punished anyone until several months in,
Speaker 1: and he also noted that he'd hoped to complete the
Speaker 1: journey without it flogging, and those types of punishment weren't
Speaker 1: something that he relied on. That was a sign of
Speaker 1: trouble for him. Yeah, he was really pretty light on
Speaker 1: corporal punishment as far as other captains in the Pacific went,
Speaker 1: He's a pretty progressive captain. According to Caroline Alexander, who
Speaker 1: is a historian. He has written several articles in books
Speaker 1: on the subject, and she said that especially in terms
Speaker 1: of food and sleep for the men, he's extremely progressive.
Speaker 1: So it wasn't about that. It wasn't that he was
Speaker 1: this tyrannical, physically abusive captain, but he could have been
Speaker 1: verbally and personally abusive in a way that really needled
Speaker 1: his men. So Alexander's biggest cause of the mutiny is
Speaker 1: Fletcher Christian himself, and she says that it wouldn't have
Speaker 1: happened without him, and that it happened because of his
Speaker 1: own personal breakdown. So maybe we shouldn't look to to
Speaker 1: Blithe for our problems, but to Christian himself. So Sarah,
Speaker 1: was this mission for bread fruit all for not? Yeah,
Speaker 1: we have to catch up with the bread fruit here,
Speaker 1: since it's the whole purpose for this story. The specimens
Speaker 1: that arrive in Jamaica are practically too late because it
Speaker 1: takes a while for this exotic, strange food to catch on,
Speaker 1: and by the time it finally does catch on, slavery
Speaker 1: has been abolished by the British today, though it's actually
Speaker 1: a really popular food in Jamaica, and according to the Smithsonian,
Speaker 1: a mature tree produces two hundred pounds of fruit a season,
Speaker 1: which is kind of insane. And it's filled with protein
Speaker 1: and calories and carbohydrates and nutrients. And you can grill
Speaker 1: it and fry it and bake it and roast it.
Speaker 1: I mean, I feel like I'm talking about shrimp and forest. Ever,
Speaker 1: I was thinking the same thing. Bay, So much for
Speaker 1: joining us on this Saturday. Since this episode is out
Speaker 1: of the archive, if you heard an email address or
Speaker 1: Facebook U r L or something similar over the course
Speaker 1: of the show, that could be obsolete now. Our current
Speaker 1: email address is History Podcast at i heart radio dot com.
Speaker 1: Our old health stuff works email address no longer works,
Speaker 1: and you can find us all over social media at
Speaker 1: missed in History. And you can subscribe to our show
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