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00:42 and John does using genetic genealogy in the hopes of 20:12 it means Jane and John Does can still be identified

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00:41 They work with law enforcement to identify Jane and John does.

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01:02 with law enforcement to identify Jane and John Doe's using

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01:12 Ava Daniels, a gen Z comedy writer with all the 08:04 writer who's been outcast named Ava Daniels, played brilliantly by 52:43 and hire as young writer. You know. It was it

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00:37 the show today. I'm joined by writer, director, and actor 17:50 was a writer, and he was getting he was working, 18:19 to be a producer and a writer and a director.

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00:51 I'm joined by comedian, writer and actor Jiron Carmichael. In 43:42 writer and he makes me appreciate the written word, and 17:13 because I was always the writer, I was always the producer.

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03:38 very intelligent writer. That's what I'm fascinated by is this 05:59 The writer answers all the questions you need answered. So 1:15:10 record with writer Fran Lebowitz. We don't have many of

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1:01:18 with writer fran Leeboitz, you can do so at talk

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02:48 John Deere has come out with a new warranty policy.

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04:43 to meet you. Linda met John

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01:18 I'm about to put all my John Lennon memorabilia on eBay.

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00:58 My wife said, if I told one more John Cougar

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02:09 John Uh thank you, I can never announce his last name,

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50:12 John and little William? 50:08 In Disney's Peter Pan, Wendy has two brothers named John 51:47 John and Michael. Oh now Jacob, unfortunately not enough to

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03:30 John and little William? 03:25 In Disney's Peter Pan, Wendy has two brothers named John 05:03 Peter Pan. Wendy has two brothers, John and Michael. Oh

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45:17 John Adams or John Quincy Adams Adams? How many seconds 46:28 Vice President of the United States? John Adams or John 48:02 The first Vice president of the United States was John Adams.

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02:48 the United States? John Adams or John Quincy Adams? 01:36 of the United States? John Adams or John Quincy Adams? Adams? 04:22 The first Vice president of the United States was John Adams.

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51:55 They had just been betrayed by an irishman. The eleven articles listed are only a summary and an incomplete one. The original was thrown overboard to prevent its capture, and thus there is a great deal of room to suspect. The remainder contained something too horrid to be disclosed to any except such as were willing to be sharers in the iniquity of them. What survives of the articles mentions marooning as a punishment in two instances. First, that any pirate among them who stole something of value from the crew as a whole was to be marooned. But if it were merely theft of another pirate's personal property, the crew would settle for a lesser punishment. The thief would be mutilated and then put off the ship in some inhabited place where he was sure to encounter hardships. Second, any pirate who attempted to desert the ship or who deserted his post during battle might be either executed or marooned. The articles of Captain John Phillips and the crew of the revenge are more interesting. Theyre shorter, containing only nine articles, but they were supposedly recorded verbatim. They specify marooning as a punishment for three deserting the company, keeping secrets from the company, and stealing from the company, although in the case of theft, the offender might simply be shot instead, as in Zanskar, the articles provide that the maroon was to be given certain provisions, in this case, a bottle of water, a firearm, and the gunpowder and shot necessary to use it. Both sets of articles specify immediate execution as the punishment for other, more serious crimes. Now, the most famous maroon of all. And here I was gonna do a little bit where I asked nina, like, what is the most famous maroon that comes to mind? And I was hoping she would say Robinson Crusoe, so that I could then be like, wrong. He wasn't a maroon. He was a castaway. But we talked about it in advance, and she was like, why would I say that he wasnt a maroon? 46:44 Thank you. A lot of reports about marooning, therefore, take the form of it's said that when pirates maroon someone, they or normal ships maroon a sailor this way, but pirate ships maroon a sailor that way. If the standard practice was to leave the maroon stranded on an inhabitable but uninhabited island, then pirates would maroon you on a sandbar that was covered by water at high tides. So you would get nibbled by crabs and then chomped by sharks. But even if we go back centuries, the popular understanding of pirate life has basically always been based on fiction, thanks to books like treasure island or on historical documents of somewhat dubious authorship. I'm referring here to the seminal text, a general history of the robberies and murders of the most notorious pirates from their first rise and settlement in the islands of Providence to the present time. This book, published in London in 1724, right at the end of the Golden Age of piracy, is lurid, graphic, and sensational. It directly inspired Treasure island and Peter Pan, and its probably the single biggest influence on the public perception of piracy then and now. But we dont know who wrote it or how he knew all the things he claimed to know about the secret lives of pirates. The name on the COVID Captain Charles Johnson, is almost certainly a pseudonym. The true identity of the author behind the captain has been hotly debated and well, probably never know for sure. Its clear enough that marooning was common practice with plenty of specific, identifiable instances in the histories. But whether it was an inevitable execution, a torture worse than death, or the buccaneering equivalent of a time out for bad behavior depended a great deal on the circumstances attending the stranding. A ship that had left sailors behind might think better of it after a few days and go back to retrieve them. Or if the marooning had been ordered by an unpopular captain, he might be deposed and the maroons rescued by the new leadership. A maroon on a habitable island near a busy sea lane could expect fairly prompt rescue. I can think of one example in which the person was rescued within eight days. Intrepid maroons, especially those deposited on shore in groups, sometimes managed to construct rudimentary boats and sail back to civilization. In one case, a whole ships worth of pirates was marooned together when they stopped on a small island to repair the hull of their ship, only to be surprised by navy patrol. To avoid capture and certain execution, the pirates burned their ship and fled into the interior of the island. Its not entirely clear to me why they burned the ship, but they did have friends nearby in a second vessel, and perhaps they were hoping that the navy patrol would move on after seeing the burned out ship, giving the other pirate vessel a chance to put into harbor and pick up the maroons. Unfortunately for them, the surviving pirate ship decided to just run for it. Instead. They got away. But shortly thereafter, a gang of mutineers who were determined to give up the pirating lifestyle shot the captain, a certain Thomas anstice, while he was sleeping, and imprisoned the other officers. They delivered them to the authorities at a nearby dutch colony, and for this service, the mutineers were acquitted of piracy. The captured officers were hanged, but the Maroons did all right for themselves. They survived on the island until another ship came into the harbor to take on supplies. They seized it, resolved to give up piracy, and sailed home to England, where, if Captain Charles Johnson can be trusted, they lived out the rest of their lives in peaceful obscurity. The more you read of actual examples of marooning, the more dubious those accounts that portray it as a fate worse than death begin to seem. In 1629, for instance, after the gruesome events of the Batavia mutiny, an 18 year old cabin boy turned mutineer was tried and sentenced, but spared from execution on account of his youth and his minor role in the mutiny. Instead, he was marooned. Like Sanskar, some pirates enshrined the marooning. In their version of law, a general history of the pirates recounts several examples of what the author claims are piratical articles or pirate codes, the self made laws governing each company of corsairs. The articles of the crews of Captains Bartholomew Roberts, George Lowther and John Phillips are recounted, and marooning appears prominently in the articles about the Roberts and Phillips crews. Roberts had gotten his start in piracy in the usual way. He had been second made on a merchant vessel until his ship was taken by pirates. I suppose it was a bit like working at a company that got bought out in a hostile takeover. The work is mostly the same. You just really hope you won't be deemed redundant. When the pirate captain who had captured Roberts, a certain Howell Davis, was shot to death five weeks later on principe, in the midst of a failed scheme to kidnap the island's governor, the surviving pirates elected Roberts as their new leader, despite his relative inexperience. Regarding the articles of Captain Roberts. The history says now projecting new adventures with his small company, but finding hitherto they had been but as a rope of sand, they formed a set of articles to be signed and sworn to for the better conservation of their society and doing justice to one another. Excluding all irishmen from the benefit of it.

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46:27 You being silly. I'll accept it. But yeah, like also, even if you see the animation, they're both shooting and they're both missing, and it's not clear what trick he is saying won't work twice. So only the original writer knows which translation of this line is accurate. It's honestly a great example of the perils of translation and how difficult it is to translate Japanese into English accurately.

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48:13 Ten, USO has a brief conversation with League militaire engineer Otis about the etymology behind the organizations name and the name of its mysterious commander. Its a rapid fire succession of good research prompts, but the one that stood out from the rest as the most bizarre was Uso's statement, confirmed by Otis that League militaire actually means holy alliance and that it comes from ancient Roman. Id like to explore this claim a bit. Its an odd one. The more info were given, the more confusing the illusion seems to become. Rousseau makes it fairly clear that the name is meant to be a reference to something, but the terms he uses and the things he says about those terms point in different directions. The name of the league militaire is pretty odd overall. The english name combines the english league with the French militaire. The japanese riga sounds like a straightforward japanese pronunciation of league, but in fact, both the english league and the french league are normally rendered as rigu in Japanese. Even the spanish liga is written with a long e. Soundlla is similarly weird. Standard japanese pronunciation of the french militaire is miriteru, as used for the famous military academy Ekoru Miriteru or an Hermes bag available in Miriteru Beiji military beige. The english military would be Miritari after Gundam's league militaire. The only other prominent use of the word miritea that I could find was in the title of a super Famicom game developed by Namco. Released in the United States in December 1993 as metal Marines, and in Japan in November 1994, the japanese version bore the title Militia, written in English but with Furigana showing it was meant to be pronounced militeia, just like the militaire in league militaire. The game is set in a Sci-Fi future world where humanity has established orbiting space colonies around the earth in the aftermath of a terrible war that left much of the planet devastated. One colony garrison commander Zorgeff declared himself to be the emperor, conquered the other space colonies one by one, and then invaded the earth. The player, an officer in a civilian resistance force called the Myritea and leading a force of 16 meters tall mecha, must liberate the people of earth from Zorgefs tyrannical rule. Im guessing that this game was what you might call an unauthorized adaptation of victory Gundam, and that they got the spelling Mirytea for militia directly from victory. Still, this is good evidence for how contemporaneous audiences interpreted the term militeia. Obviously that means militia, so the term as a whole feels just a little bit off in the way that so many names in Gundam have. It's probably meant to capture the way language and pronunciation drift over time. I wonder if in the translation, the anglo french ligue militaire was chosen specifically to capture a similarly uncanny feeling of linguistic discontinuity. Militia actually strikes me as a better fit for the organization anyway, militaire implies a certain professionalism, an organization of soldiers, but the league militaire is, as people keep saying, a civilian resistance movement operating behind enemy lines and outside the formal hierarchy of the federation forces. This becomes a bit clearer when we look at the sorts of real organizations historically known as league militaire, or military league for one. In the early 20th century, the french army officer Emile Drian remembered principally as the first high ranking officer killed at the battle of Verdun, and before that as a writer of epic war fantasy novels in which the glorious armies of France crushed the perfidious Germans and British, was also one of the key figures in the creation of a political pressure group called the League Militaire. The story goes like Drian was a rising star in the french army in the 1880s, when he married the daughter of his patron, the general and minister of war, Georges Boulanger. Boulanger himself had been one of the french commanders responsible for crushing the Paris commune in 1871 and became a major political figure in the latter part of the 1880s. The nature of the movement he led has been characterized as everything from far left to far right, as one of the precursors to fascism, as socialism gone astray, etcetera, into infinity. But it was definitely populist, nationalist and animated by a mixture of anti government resentment and desire for revenge against the hated Germans. In 1889, amid fears that Boulanger was preparing to seize power in a coup d'the, government issued a warrant for his arrest. Boulanger fled Paris rather than defend himself and his boulangist movement collapsed, as did the career prospects of his son in law and protege, Drian. Drian remained in the army for several years and all reports suggest that he was an exceptional officer. But despite the promising start to his career, he found further promotion out of reaching. In 1904, it transpired that the new minister of war had collaborated with masonic lodges throughout France to secretly gather information about the political and religious positions of the members of the officer corps, creating a vast index card record so that republican and masonic officers could be preferred for promotion, while catholic, nationalist or royalist officers were held back. At first this revelation caused a major scandal, but not enough of a scandal to stop them doing it. Instead, the system of political preferment continued out in the open for a further eight years. Unsurprisingly, Driant found himself on the naughty list, partly because of his association with the disgraced Boulanger and partly because he was catholic. When news of the index card affair broke, he resigned his commission. Now a fervent opponent of Freemasonry, Drian got into politics. He started running for office and he formed a series of political leagues, the Anti Masonic League, the Joan of Arc League, and in 1908, he and a group of other former army officers created a league that they called the old army. The old army billed itself as a political pressure group affiliated with no party or broader political ideology, but exclusively focused on the reform and strengthening of the army. Well, no political ideology except strengthening the army, promoting nationalism, reviving old traditionalist values, and purging the country of Freemasonry. In 1910, in response to complaints that the term old army made them seem rather backward and narrow minded, Drian and his comrades changed the organization's name to la Ligue militaire, the military league for maintaining the traditions of the army and the defense of its interests. The league militaire endured for four years, ending with the start of the First World War. Ironically, the main thing it did during that time was to publish its own index of undesirable officers, which is to say, those soldiers that they believed to be affiliated with Freemasonry. At around the same time, but somewhat further east, a bunch of nationalist junior officers in the greek army formed a secret society which was called the League militaire in French or the military league in English. They were as nationalists frustrated by greek impotence and incompetence in a recent disastrous war against the Ottoman Empire and in the geopolitical maneuvering that followed the war. As career soldiers, they were frustrated that their own prospects for promotion were stymied by the rampant nepotism dominating the upper echelons of the armed forces. In 1909, while Druon was getting himself elected to the Chamber of Deputies, this military league went into open revolt. Rather than trying to suppress the military league, the government opted to negotiate. After months of political wrangling, the king agreed to hold new elections and the military league dissolved itself. The elections were held one year after the league went into revolt, and a reformist coalition led by the now famous cretan statesman Elephios Venizelos triumphed. A decade later, and just across the border in Bulgaria, a group of current and former army officers formed their own military league to put pressure on the government of Prime Minister Alexander Stomboliski, whose program of downsizing the army, cultivating good relations with the countrys neighbors, and focusing national resources on economic development really cheesed off the officer corps. Unlike the greek military league, who got what they wanted without spilling any blood, the bulgarian military league conspired to launch a violent coup along with other dissident factions that took the government completely off guard. Stambouliski was caught five days later by allies of the military league and was murdered in quite sickening fashion. Many of the other leaders of his movement were killed as well. Folks, I just don't think that any of these leagues militaire are a very good fit. But what about Rousseau's notion that it actually means holy alliance and comes from ancient Roman? What an odd thing for him to say. At first glance, it seems to confuse more than illuminate. Where in ligue militaire are we meant to find any sense of the sacred, even the reference to ancient Roman? Literally, he says, furui roma no cotaba. The words or the language of old Rome is not as straightforward as it might seem. It's true enough that both league and militaire, or militia, derive from latin terms league from ligare, meaning to bind together, and from which we also get words like ligament, liaison, and alliance militaire from militaris. Yet neither of these latin roots convey any sense of sacred or holy. The classical latin terms for a military alliance don't use ligarettes. When Livy describes how a military alliance of gauls and tiburtes, the people of what is now Tivoli, were defeated at the very gates of Rome in 360 BC, he called them a societate belli, an alliance for war. When Caesar wrote about an alliance of gallic tribes against his invasion, he called it both a societate, an alliance, and a foidus, a confederation. But the term ligua was used rarely in this sense by medieval latin writers. And to add another wrinkle to this shar pei of a problem, Uso doesn't actually say that the league militaire got its name from Latin. He just says it's a word of old Rome. Since Gundam has already played with the flexible nature of terms like Middle Ages, which we now know to be a period in earth history that gave rise to both bicycles and Hitler, old Roman could well mean the modern Italian spoken in Rome today. It could just as easily refer to the people of what we call the byzantine empire, who knew themselves to be roman and mostly spoke greek. Or the connection with holiness, the Shinsei in Shinsei dome might instead suggest that the origin lies in the Shinsei roma te koku, or the Holy Roman Empire. And this would not be entirely without precedent. As listeners soup and Luna pointed out, the name of Bespa officer Pipinidan is a japanese pronunciation of the german term for the descendants of the medieval frankish lord Pepin of Landon. In English, we call them the Pipinids. And the most famous scion of that house was Charlemagne, who was crowned emperor of the Romans by Pope Leo III and thus became either the first holy roman emperor or a precursor to that position, depending on your opinion about the continuity between the carolingian and autonian empires and how much you want to get into an argument today. For our purposes, let's just agree to call it close enough to bring the Holy Roman Empire, its frankish predecessors and its austrian successors into victorys orbit. As for the connection between the austrian holy roman frankish empires and the League militaire, well, that will have to wait for next week when I start looking at holy alliances and sacred leagues throughout history.

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05:09 That's Leslie Carrol. She's a writer across many genres. The 01:16 This woman, our memoir writer, is Jean de Valois Saint Remi. 09:49 but Nicola and John stayed together. As time went on,

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07:10 of potential in her eldest son, John. So the eldest 08:08 John wasn't going to carry that, not as a reflection 08:37 realizing her ambitions than John. He wasn't very scholarly, he

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17:20 shocked the cardinal, As the writer Giuseppe Ripamonte would later 07:20 to a murder. John Paulo Osio, her partner both in 07:35 forbidden romance. Marianna and John Paulo weren't the only ones

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1:13:24 Genau. John Doe. Könnte auch nicht ausfindig gemacht werden, Denn komischerweise.

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03:41 about art. I'm Katie Hessel, art historian and writer, and

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2:40:55 high outwork John Singleton, I mean he was a rapper 2:41:04 he outworked John Singleton as an actor. Ice ce Ce. 2:41:13 Oh wow, John Singleton do as many movies as Ice

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1:10:51 John single to but you. 03:15 I didn't tell. If John Sigginson told me that one 1:11:10 to the set with JD and John Singleton come out

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2:00:55 the block, and then went to John Interesting. 2:00:37 God damn you. You went to John J. College. 1:19:18 John Singleton was my friend before you know, passed away.

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02:11 has made every type of music. He is a writer, producer.

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1:08:13 Simpsons. 33:13 Sean John when when when he wanted to start that brand. 58:37 As we talk, we get a license drink that Shaun John,

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19:14 Actually know that he's arguing with John W. Davis, you 26:41 years on the legal arguments, that that argues not John 31:49 John Bingham meant when he drafted the fourteenth Amendment. Even

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08:04 and hiring any science fiction writer inadvisable. Newman decided to 26:08 thing he can do as a writer is to ignore 32:15 Doctor Who writer Mark Gaddis, got the idea of reviving

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08:48 a year before Bellamy, the American writer Anna Bowman Dodd 16:57 car to the supermarket, John Updyke wrote in nineteen fifty four,